Dictionary ya Chigamulo ndi ma Acronyms

Makhalidwe a Kakompyuta - Mawu Pogwiritsa Ntchito Kalata B

• 10Base5 (10 Mbps, baseband, mamita 500): imodzi mwa mauthenga angapo owonetsedwa ndi 802.3 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu malo a Ethernet a m'dera la LAN); Zimakhala ndi chingwe cha Thickwire coaxial ndi kutalika kwa gawo la mamita 500
• 10Base2 (10 Mbps, baseband, 185 mita): imodzi mwa mauthenga angapo owonetsedwa ndi IEEE 802.3 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu malo ozungulira LAN); Zimakhala ndi chingwe cha Thickwire coaxial ndi kutalika kwa gawo la mamita 1818

• 10BaseT (10 Mbps, baseband, awiri osakanikirana): imodzi mwa mauthenga angapo omwe amafotokozedwa ndi IEEE 802.3 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa intaneti ya Ethernet (LAN); ndi wamba wamba wokhotakhota waya
• 100BaseT (100 Mbps, bandband, awiri osakanikirana): imodzi mwa mauthenga angapo omwe amafotokozedwa ndi IEEE 802.3 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa intaneti ya Ethernet (LAN); wotchedwa Fast Ethernet chifukwa cha liwiro lakuthamanga
• AAL (ATM adaptation layer): imasintha ma PDU kudutsa kuchokera pamwamba pa ma ATM maselo
• Koperative yogwira ntchito: imalola zipangizo zambiri kuti zilowetsere malo omwe amatha kufotokozera zomwezo ndi kubwezeretsanso chizindikiro; Amatchulidwanso kuti anthu ambiri omwe amapita kumayiko ena
• ADSL (mzere wosakanikirana wa digito): mawonekedwe a makampani a telefoni a xDSL amapereka malo okhala
• AGP (phokoso lofulumira kapena lapamwamba la zithunzi): njira yapamwamba-yotsimikiziranso, yomwe ingalembedwe pamakina a makompyuta, makamaka kuthandizira kuthamanga kwa ma kompyuta a 3D

• ALU (masamu logic unit): dera la digito limene limapanga ntchito ya masamu (mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera, kuchotsa) ndi ntchito yolingalira pakati pa manambala awiri; nyumba yomanga maziko a Central Processing Unit (CPU) kapena kompyuta
• AM (amplitude modulation): njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa uthenga kupyolera muwotchi wonyamulira

• Kukula kwake : kutalika kwa mkokomo nthawi iliyonse muwondo
• ANSI (American National Standards Institute): bungwe lodzipereka lomwe limayendera chitukuko ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ziyanjano ku United States ndikuyimira zosowa ndi malingaliro a ogwira nawo ntchito ku US kumayunivesite padziko lonse lapansi
• API (mapulogalamu owonetsera polojekiti): amapereka olemba mapulogalamu kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mautumiki apakompyuta
• Zojambulazo: zimagwira ntchito za kutumiza mafayilo, e-mail, ndi zina zotero (onani OSI Model)
• Zojambulajambula: momwe dongosolo lapangidwa; Zimaphatikizapo momwe zigawozo zimagwirizanirana ndikugwirana ntchito
• ARP (adondomeko yothetsera protocol): protocol yosanjikizana yachitsulo yoperekedwa ndi TCP / IP; Ankalemba mapulogalamu a IP (intaneti protocol) ku adiresi ya MAC (khadi lofikira makalata)
• ASCII (American Standard Code for Interchange Information): imalongosola nambala kuyambira 0 mpaka 255 mu fayilo (gawo 2) mawonekedwe kwa olemba makibodi
• ASIC (dera lophatikizidwa lothandizira): dera lophatikizidwa lopangidwira ntchito yapadera (mwachitsanzo, chipangizo chomwe chimangothamanga pafoni)
• Kulankhulana kwachangu: kumalongosola pamene zipangizo, monga makompyuta, amadalira maola awo enieni; imapereka mgwirizano kwa osindikiza, modem, makina a fax, ndi zina zotero.

• ATM (njira yosamalitsa yosamalitsa): kuthamanga kwapamwamba, teknoloji yosinthasintha maselo; zogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mawu, kanema, chithunzi, deta, ndi zithunzi; mtundu wina wa STDM (kuwerengetsa nthawi zogawanitsa nthawi)
• AUI (attachment interface interface): kulumikiza kwa pinini 15 komwe kumapereka njira pakati pa mawonekedwe a Ethernet ndi adiresi yogwirizana (MAU); amadziwika kuti transceiver
• AS (Autonomous system): kusonkhanitsa ma intaneti pansi pa ulamuliro umodzi
• B (yonyamula) njira: amanyamula mawu, kanema, chithunzi, kapena zamtundu wamtundu, malinga ndi zipangizo ndi mapulogalamu omwe alipo
• Bandwidth: amawonetsedwa pamagulu osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito hertz monga unit of measurement; amatchedwanso mphamvu ya analog
• Base 2 System: dongosolo lachiwerengero chabina, zokhazokha ziwiri (0 ndi 1) ndizotheka ndipo manambala onse ndi ophatikizira awiriwa; Zizindikiro za digito ndi manambala omwe amatumizidwa ku Basic 2 system

• Maziko 10: Njira yamadongosolo
• Baseband: amafotokoza zizindikiro ndi machitidwe omwe maulendo angapo amawerengedwa kuchokera ku 0 kufika pafupipafupi pamtunda kapena pafupipafupi; Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga dzina la gulu la maulendo kuyambira pa 0
• BGP (malire a gateway protocol): njira yothandizana nayo njira yoyendera; maukonde kapena magulu otsala pansi pa kayendetsedwe kachitidwe kaŵirikaŵiri komanso ndi malamulo omwe amagwirizana
• Zovuta: kutsutsana kwa mawu akuti "chiwerengero chabina"; gawo laling'ono la deta mu kompyuta
• BIOS (zofunikira zoyambirira zopangira / zowonongeka): codeware firmware yoyendetsedwa ndi PC compatible PC pamene choyamba, wotchedwa "booting up"; Ntchito yoyamba ndiyo kukonzekera makina kuti mapulogalamu ena a pulogalamu amatha kunyamula, kuchitapo kanthu, ndi kuganiza za PC
• Bluetooth: mafotokozedwe omwe amalola mafoni, makompyuta, ndi PDA kuti zigwirizane mosasuntha pafupipafupi
• Bps: bits pamphindi: chiwerengero chodziwika cha deta mofulumira kwa ma modems a kompyuta ndi otumiza uthenga
• BRI (yofunikira mlingo mawonekedwe): ogwirizanitsa ma makina a digito makonzedwe, omwe kawirikawiri amafunira kunyumba ndi ing'onozing'ono malonda (onaninso PRI)
• Njerwa ndi kuwongolera: bizinesi yomwe inalipo pa intaneti yomwe ikugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono zamalonda kuti zigulitse pa intaneti
• Bridge: amatanthauzira adiresi yamakina apakompyuta a LAN omwe ali mu MAC ndikusankha ngati akusuta kapena kutumiza fomu; samasintha chimango m'njira iliyonse
• Ofufuza: makalata okhudzana ndi makasitomala omwe amalumikiza WWW maseva
• Kumanga msana: umagwirizanitsa LAN mkati mwa nyumba
• Basi: kugwirizana kwa magetsi pakati pa zigawo ziwiri zilizonse mu kompyuta
• Chipolopolo cha mabasi: dongosolo lomwe magetsi amapangidwa ndi chipangizo chogwirizanitsidwa kulikonse pa basi amalandiridwa ndi zipangizo zina zogwirizana
• Chiwonongeko: kukula kwa deta mu kompyuta; 8-bits

Makhalidwe a Kakompyuta - Makalata C kudutsa D

• Cache: amasunga deta pulosesa imafunika kuyandikira mwamsanga; kumawonjezera kuyendetsa ntchito kwapulosesa
• CAD / CAM (mapulogalamu othandizira makompyuta / makina othandizira makompyuta): mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito kupanga mapulogalamu monga makompyuta oyendetsa magetsi pamakompyuta
• Kampasi yam'mbuyo: imagwirizanitsa nyumba za LAN pamodzi
• CD-R (compact disc - yolembedwa): mtundu wapadera wa CD-ROM umene ukhoza kulembedwa ndi makompyuta aliwonse ndi makina ojambula; Zingathe kulembedwa kamodzi
• CD-ROM (memory memory yokha yowerengeka): chipangizo chosungira makina chowerengedwa ndi lasers; Ikhoza kugwira mpaka ma megabyte 700 a deta
• CD-RW (compact disc - yolembedwanso): mtundu wapadera wa CD-ROM umene ukhoza kulembedwa ndi makompyuta aliwonse ndi makina ojambula; Zingathe kulembedwa kangapo
• CIR
• CLEC (mpikisano wokakamiza kusinthanitsa nawo): Ku US, kampani yothandizira makampani ovomerezeka (omwe amatchedwanso chonyamulira) omwe amatsutsana ndi ena, omwe amatha kukhala nawo (makampani a foni)
• Zomangamanga za amtumiki / seva: intaneti komwe makompyuta ena amapereka makasitomala (malo ogwira ntchito) ndipo ena ndi maseva odzipatulira; Chidziwitso chili pakati pa seva, ndipo olamulira amayambitsa ndondomeko ndikuyang'anira
• CMOS (complementary metal oxid semiconductor) RAM: imasowa mphamvu zochepa; imasunga chidziwitso ngakhale kompyuta ikatha
• Kuthamanga: kumachitika pamene owerenga ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito akulankhulana panthawi imodzimodzi ndi kusokoneza (kusokoneza) ndi wina ndi mzake
• Dera la kugogoda: gawo lovomerezeka lamagulu komwe maphukuti a deta "amathana" wina ndi mzake chifukwa chotumizidwa pazomwe zimagawidwa, makamaka mu Ethernet networking protocol
• Kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta: kuphatikiza zipangizo ndi mapulogalamu omwe amalola makompyuta osiyanasiyana m'bungwe kukambirana
• Ndondomeko yopangira kompyuta (OS): pulogalamu yapadera ya pakompyuta yomwe imapereka malo omwe mapulogalamu ena angagwiritsire ntchito pulosesa yapakati pa kompyuta ndi zida zowonjezera / zopangidwe
• Zipangizo zogwirizana : abweretseni ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta kuti azilankhulana
• Mphamvu yazing'ono (CBR): kufalitsa komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya intaneti nthawi zonse; kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene kufika kwadzidzidzi ndi kanthawi
• Convergence: kugwirizana ndi nthawi zina kugwedezeka kwa mawu ndi deta
• CPE (zipangizo zamakasitomala zipangizo): kawirikawiri amatanthauza mafoni, DSL kapena modem cable, kapena kugula bokosi lapamwamba kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito
• CPS (magulu pamphindi): muyeso wa momwe nthawi yosinthira imasinthira kayendedwe kawiri; yasinthidwa ndi mawu akuti hertz (Hz)
• CPU (Central Processing Unit): ubongo wa makompyuta komwe ziwerengero ndi zisankho zimapangidwa; amatchedwanso kuti pulosesa
• Kuthamanga kwa CPU: Kodi CPU ikugwira ntchito mwamsanga bwanji?
• CSU (service channel unit): imapereka ntchito yowunikira kafukufuku wa foni, ndipo imayang'anitsa chikhalidwe cha bipolar
• CRC (checlic redundancy check): njira yofufuzira zolakwika mu deta yomwe yafalitsidwa pachinsinsi cholankhulana; ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito Checksum motsutsana ndi deta ya deta
• CS (convergence sublayer): ndondomeko zina zomwe zimayambitsa kusonkhanitsa ndi kupanga mauthenga apamwamba pamwamba kotero kuti zikhoza kusinthidwa ndi zigawo zochepa
• CSMA / CD (kutenga mawonekedwe ambiri ofikirira / kugunda): malamulo a kuwonetsa momwe zipangizo zamagetsi zimayankhira pamene zipangizo ziwiri zikuphwanyika
• D (deta) kanjira: yogwiritsidwa ntchito pawonetsero kawirikawiri ndi kusintha kwa kampani ndi telefoni; imapereka zizindikiro zoimbira zomwe zimayika malumikizowo a B
• DACS (kulumikiza kwa digito ndi mawonekedwe a cross-connect): chida chogwiritsira ntchito makasitomala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mizere T1; akhoza kuwoloka-kulumikiza mzere uliwonse wa T1 mu dongosolo ndi mzere uliwonse wa T1 mu dongosolo
• Deta: zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa kompyuta ngati mawonekedwe ndi mabomba
• Datagram: paketi ya data yomwe imatumizidwa pa intaneti; zogwirizana ndi makina osungirako makanema pamene kuyankhulana kwa protocol ndi kugwirizana
• DCE (zipangizo zoyankhulirana ndi deta kapena zida zosokoneza deta): chipangizo chomwe chimalankhulana ndi chipangizo cha deta (DTE) muyezo wapadera
• DDP (datagram delivery protocol): membala wa AppleTalk networking protocol suite, makamaka omwe amayang'anira zowonjezera zowonjezera ma datagram pamtaneti wa AppleTalk
• DE (taya kuyenerera): chizindikiro chogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chidziwitse chidziwitso chochepa cha deta chomwe chingathe kuponyedwa nthawi ya kusokonezeka pa dongosolo
• DLCI (deta yokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa identifier): nambala yachitsulo yomwe imauza makanema momwe angayendetse deta
• DMA (kulumikizitsa zovuta kukumbukira): choyimira chomwe chimalola zinthu zina zamagetsi pa kompyuta kuti zitha kuwerengera dongosolo la kuwerenga ndi / kapena kulembera popanda CPU; Mungaphatikizepo oyang'anira magalimoto a disk, makadi ojambula zithunzi, makadi a makanema, ndi makadi omveka
• DOS (disk operating system): Banja la machitidwe ogwirizana kwambiri (COS) lomwe linayendera pa hardware ya IBM PC.
• DNA (zomangamanga zojambulajambulajambula): ndondomeko ya zolemba kapena ndondomeko zopangidwa ndi Digital Equipment Corporation (DECnet) zomwe zinasintha kukhala imodzi mwa mapulani a makampani oyambirira a peer-to-peer
• DNS (dzina ladongosolo): utumiki womwe umagwirizanitsa dzina la mayina ku adiresi ya IP
• DRAM (kukumbukira mosavuta kukumbukira kukumbukira): kusankha kofunikira kokhala ndi zambiri zambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika mtengo; ayenera kulimbikitsidwa kapena kulembedwa mobwerezabwereza (pafupifupi milliseconds 386)
• DS0 (chizindikiro cha digito, mlingo 0): mlingo wofunikira wodziwika wa digito wa 64 kbit / s, wokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya imodzi yomwe imakhala yofanana
• DS1 (chizindikiro cha digito, mlingo 1): wotchedwanso T1; amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popatsira mawu ndi deta pakati pa zipangizo
• DSL (kujambula kwa digito): teknoloji yomwe imapereka kufalitsa kwa deta yamakina pa waya wa foni yam'deralo
• DVD (digito yodabwitsa kwambiri): imatha kugwira maulendo opitirira 7 ngati CD
• DWDM (multiplexing-width-division-multiplexing): teknoloji yamakono yomwe imapanga bandwidth pazomwe zilipo kale m'magetsi (onani chipinda cham'mbuyo, campus backbone)

Makhalidwe a Kakompyuta - Makalata E kudzera mwa H

• EBCDIC (ndondomeko yotsatizana yamadontho yachitsulo yowonjezeredwa) .: Tebulo laling'ono la 8-bit yokhala ndi zida za ISM
• EGP (kunja gateway protocol): protocol yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa makamu pa intaneti kusinthanitsa ma tebulo
• EMI (kutsekemera kwa magetsi): maizoni omwe amachititsa zizindikiro zosayenera (zosokoneza kapena phokoso) kuti zilowetsedwe m'madera ena; Komanso amatchedwa radio frequency interference kapena RFI
• Makampani ogulitsa ntchito: amagwirizanitsa mitundu yambiri ya ma intaneti
• Ethernet: ndondomeko yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapaketi mu zizindikiro zamagetsi zimene zingatumizedwe pa waya
• Zotsatira zakunja: kuyendetsa pulogalamu yovomerezeka yogwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pazinthu zodzilamulira
• FAT (tebulo logawira mafayilo): tebulo yomwe ntchito ikugwiritsira ntchito kupeza mafayilo pa diski; chifukwa fayilo ingagawidwe m'magawo ambiri omwe amwazikana kuzungulira disk, FAT imasunga mbali zonse
• FDDI (fiber inafalitsa deta yolumikiza): ndondomeko ya ma ANSI mautumiki otumiza deta pamakina opanga fiber optic (onani ANSI)
• Ma FDM (ma multiplexing ogawidwa mobwerezabwereza): amalola kuti zizindikiro zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zichitike pamzere woyankhulana womwe umagwiritsira ntchito maulendo osiyana omwe amanyamula pazitsulo iliyonse; makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa analog koma akhoza kunyamula digito
• Ndondomeko yoyendetsa mafayilo: njira yosungira ndi kulandira uthenga kuchokera ku disk zoyendetsa; imayang'anira momwe mafayilo angathe kukhazikitsidwira, kufikidwa, kubwezeretsedwa, ndi kuchotsedwa
• Chiwombankhanga: cholepheretsa pakati pa intaneti ndi intaneti kudzera mwa ogwiritsa ntchito okhawo ovomerezeka angathe kudutsa; ndondomeko za chitetezo kuti muwone mauthenga obwera ndi otuluka; Anagwiritsanso ntchito kupatula gawo limodzi la intaneti kuchokera kwa wina
• Galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto: Mabaibulo oyambirira anali kwenikweni akusindikiza; Masiku ano, amagwiritsa ntchito diski 3.5 mwamphamvu; amatchedwanso kuti galimoto yosonkhetsedwa
• Makhalidwe : chiwonetsero cha deta chomwe chimagwirizanitsa chidziwitso chakutumiza (mutu, deta, ndi ngolo) ndipo zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira kuti chidziwitso choyenera chifike
• Kulowetsa maziko: utumiki ndi miyezo ndi ndondomeko zopangidwa kuti zifalitse deta; ena ogwiritsa ntchito akhala atapambana pofalitsa mawu
• Foda (FRAD) ( pulogalamu yachinsinsi yofikira): mapulogalamu omwe amaimitsa msonkho wa makasitomala ndi mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa Relay Relay, kuphatikizapo DLCI yoyamba (adondomeko ya deta yolumikizira), kuti akonzekerere kubweretsa makanema
• Kuthamanga: chiwerengero cha nthawi mawondo akubwereza kayendetsedwe ka nthawi yachiwiri; kuyesedwa mu zozungulira pamphindi, kapena hertz
• FTP (fayilo transfer transtocol): ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito kutumiza fayilo kuchokera pa kompyuta imodzi kupita ku kompyuta ina ndi wogwira ntchito ndi winayo monga seva; Kulowetsa ndi dzina la mtumiki ndi mawu achinsinsi nthawi zambiri kumafunikira
• Chiyanjano cha-duplex: chimathandiza mbali zonse kuti zitumize ndi kulandira deta; Zingatheke zingwe ziwiri, chimodzi kumbali iliyonse kapena chingwe chimodzi
• Njira: chithunzi pa intaneti yomwe imatembenuza (kutembenuza protocol) kuchokera ku malo omwe amagwiritsira ntchito machitidwe ena
• Mayendedwe apamsewu: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa machitidwe apansi ndi machitidwe ovomerezeka omwe akugwirizana
• Gbps (gigabits pamphindi; mabiliyoni a mabedi pamphindi): chiyendedwe cha kuthamanga kwa deta kwa apamwamba kwambiri
• GUI (zojambula zojambulajambula): njira yosavuta yofikira mapulogalamu pogwiritsira ntchito chipangizo cholozera, monga mbewa; kutchulidwa "gooey"
• Chiyanjano cha hafu-duplex: chimathandiza mbali imodzi kuti ifalitse ndi kulandira, koma osati imodzi; Chidziwitso chimangoyenda njira imodzi panthawi imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito njira yothetsera
• Kusungira-kulumikiza zosanjikiza: gawo la TCP / IP chitsanzo chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofanana ndi kayendedwe kazitsulo muchitsanzo cha OSI
• Adilesi yokhala: gawo la adilesi ya IP yomwe yapatsidwa mwadongosolo ndi woyang'anira
• HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol): ogwiritsa ntchito protocol akuyankhulana ndi (kudzera mwa osatsegula) kuti apeze masamba a pa intaneti kapena intranet
• Mafilimu: abweretsani ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta kuti azilankhulana
• Hz (hertz): unit of frequency; imodzi hertz imatanthauza kayendedwe kamodzi pamphindi, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthawi iliyonse yamakono (mwachitsanzo, nkhuku imodzi ya ola ndi 1 Hz; mtima wa munthu umagunda pa 1.2 Hz)

Makhalidwe a Kakompyuta - Makalata I kudzera mwa L

• ILECs (ogwira ntchito osasinthana nawo): kampani yopereka foni yomwe imapereka ntchito zapadera pamene Telecommunications Act ya 1996 inakhazikitsidwa (onani CLEC)
• ILP (pulogalamu yoyamba yotsatila): amawerenga fayilo yomwe ilipo ndi database; imatchedwanso boot-loader
• Zowonongeka / zoyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka ntchito: perekani njira yoyendetsa komanso kuyendetsa bwino pakati pa kukumbukira kwa makompyuta ndi zipangizo zamakono
• Chiyanjano: ndondomeko muzomwe malamulo, machitidwe olamulira, mawonekedwe, ndi mauthenga othandizira (monga akutsatiridwa ndi protocol) akugwiritsidwa ntchito
• Zosintha zamkati: kuyendetsa pulojekiti yogwiritsidwa ntchito mkati / mkati mwa dongosolo lodziimira / lokhazikika
• Kutsegula kwa intaneti: gawo la TCP / IP chitsanzo chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofanana ndi njira yosanjikiza ya OSI chitsanzo
• Kugwira ntchito pa intaneti: kulumikiza intaneti imodzi ku intaneti ina
• Kulankhulana kwapadera: kumapereka mapulogalamu ogawana nawo zambiri zowonjezera, kaya akuyendetsa kumidzi kapena kutali
• I / O (Input / output output devices): hardware ankalowetsa ndi kupeza data kuchokera ku dongosolo
• IP (intaneti protocol): protocol yosanjikizana yachitsulo yoperekedwa ndi TCP / IP; protocol yosakhulupirika, yokhazikika yomwe imapereka zofunikira zowonetsera, zolemba kapena zofunikirako, kupatukana ndi kubwezeretsa, ndi chitetezo
• Adilesi ya IP (aderesi ya pulogalamu ya intaneti): adilesi yolondola yoperekedwa kuntchito iliyonse, seva, yosindikiza, ndi router pa intaneti iliyonse yodalumikizana
• IPX / SPX (Kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya pa intaneti / kusinthana kwa phukusi): njira yochezera yogwiritsira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a Novell NetWare; Ndilo ndondomeko yowonjezera yogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga osagwirizana
• IRC (kuyankhulana kwa intaneti pa Intaneti): imalola magulu kuti azilankhulana kudzera mwachinsinsi ndi mawonekedwe a zowonekera
• Integrated Services Digital Network): njira yothandizira foni yothandizira kuti ilole kutumiza kwa dini ndi ma data pa waya wamba wamba.
• ISDN PRI: service switched-line service kuchokera ku makampani a foni omwe amagwira ntchito pa t1 (kapena E1 / J1)
• IS-IS (intermediate system-to-intermediate system): mkatikati polojekiti protocol (IGP) yomwe ikufunikiridwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa maulamuliro kapena ma intaneti
• ISPs (Internet Service Providers): malonda kapena mabungwe omwe amapereka ogula ndi mwayi wopita ku intaneti ndi mautumiki okhudzana nawo
• IT (luso lamakono): mawu otanthauzira omwe angatanthauzire chirichonse kuchokera ku mafayilo akuluakulu kupita ku PDAs; teknoloji iliyonse yomwe imasuntha zowonjezera (mawu, kanema, kapena deta)
• ITU-T (ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector): ikuyendera miyezo yoyendetsa telecommunication m'malo mwa International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
• IXC (interexchange carrier): kampani ya foni yomwe imapereka mgwirizano pakati pa malo omwe akukhala nawo m'madera osiyanasiyana
• Jitter: Kusokonezeka mu chizindikiro chadijito chochitidwa ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka nthawi; zingayambitse zolakwika za kutanthauzira deta
• JPEG (Magulu Ophatikiza Mafilimu Omwe Amajambula): njira yowonongeka yojambula zithunzi; wotchedwa jay-peg (onani Lossy)
• Kbps (zikwi zikwi pa mphindi): mlingo wa kuthamanga kwa deta
• kHz (kilohertz): chiwerengero choyesa chafupipafupi, chomwe chimadziwikanso monga maselo pamphindi; Mwachitsanzo, kilohertz imodzi ikufanana ndi 1,000 Hz, kapena miyendo pamphindi
• LAN (malo ochezera a m'deralo): intaneti yomwe ikugwira ntchito m'dera laling'ono, kawirikawiri mkati mwa nyumba, ofesi, kapena ofesi
• LAPB (kugwirizanitsa zowonjezereka zowonjezereka, zowonongeka): pulogalamu yolumikiza deta m'thumba la X.25
• LATA (malo obwera ndi malo oyendetsa galimoto): Ku US, amatanthawuza dera lomwe lapatsidwa kwa makampani kapena mafoni a telefoni popereka chithandizo
• Kusintha kwachiwiri 2: kutanthauzira ndikupanga zisankho pa adiresi ya adapadata ya LAN yomwe ili pamakalata a MAC; mafelemu apamalo okha ku adiresi yoyendetsera mafakitale yomwe ili pa fomu
• LCI (logical channel identifier): ankatanthauzira maulendo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa M / A-COM EDACS (Enhanced Digital Access Communications System) ndi ma LTR (mawonekedwe a radio). zambiri zomwe zimadziwika kuti nambala yachinsinsi (onani LCN); amadziwikanso ngati kanema
• LCN (nambala yogwiritsira ntchito chithunzi): amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauzira maulendo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa machitidwe a M / A-COM EDACS (Enhanced Digital Access Communications System) ndi LTR (mawonekedwe a radio) amadziwikanso ngati chodziwika bwino cha chithunzi (onani LCI); amadziwikanso ngati kanema
• LE (kusinthanitsa kwachinsinsi): nthawi yoyendetsera mauthenga a televizi kwa kampani ya foni
• Mzere wotsekedwa: dzina lina la mizere yapadera, mizere yoperekedwa, kapena maulendo osatha
• LEC ( kampani yosungirako malonda): kampani yowunikira anthu ku US yomwe imapereka chithandizo
• LGN (chiwerengero cha gulu la makanema): pamodzi ndi LCN (pamutu wa pakiti wa X.25), imatchula nambala yeniyeni yolumikiza chida cha DTE-DCE; munda wa 4-bit woimira nambala pakati pa 0 ndi 15
• Mzere wosanjikiza: wosanjikiza wa oSI thupi lomwe limagwirizanitsa ndi kulumikiza mitsinje yambiri ya deta mumsasa umodzi wa SONET mkati mwa mafelemu a SONET; imayang'anitsanso komanso imayang'anira SONET multiplexers
• LLC (logical link control): mawonekedwe ovomerezeka omwe amalola kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za MAC ndi zakuthupi kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yomweyo; amateteza zizindikiro zapamwamba zowonjezera kuchokera kuzinthu zenizeni za zowoneka
• Zida zozizwitsa: lolani makina opanga mapulogalamu kuti azikhala ndi maulendo osiyanasiyana (nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha chitetezo) omwe angathe kulankhulabe ndi wina ndi mzake
• Lossy: njira yosokoneza deta pamene compressing ndiyeno decompressing amatenga deta zomwe zingakhale zosiyana ndi zoyambirira, koma "pafupi mokwanira" kukhala othandiza mwanjira ina
• LU (logical unit): amadziwitsani wogwiritsa ntchito mapeto ku IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA)

Makhalidwe a Kakompyuta - Makalata M kudzera mwa O

• MAC (media access control) adiresi: adiresi yapadera ya 6-byte yogwirizanitsidwa ndi yolembedwera mu khadi lililonse lowonetsera makanema (NIC); Ntchito ya adilesi ikulamulidwa ndi IEEE
• MAN (malo ochezera a mumzinda): amagwirizanitsa malo ndi kuzungulira mzinda waukulu
• MB (megabyte): chidziwitso chaching'ono kapena chosungirako makompyuta chofanana ndi milioni imodzi mwala kapena, nthawi zina, 1,048,567 bytes, kapena zambiri kawirikawiri, 1,024,000 bytes; osasokonezeka ndi Mb, zomwe zimayimira megabits
• Mbps (megabits pamphindi): unit of storage information; osasokonezeka ndi MB kapena megabytes
• Zamkatimu: kutumiza, kapena dongosolo lomwe limanyamula uthenga kapena deta
• MAU (chosakaniza chamkati chojambulidwa): amasintha zizindikiro pa chingwe cha Ethernet kupita ndi kuchokera ku zizindikiro za AUI
• Kumbukumbu: dekiti malo a kompyuta; ma microchips omwe ali pa bokosilo lomwe lili ndi data ndi malangizo a CPU (pakati pa processing unit)
• Kulingalira kwaiwala: kumapereka chikumbutso kuti azilekanitsa ntchito ndi kuteteza dera ku chiphuphu
• Menyu: yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu zipolopolo zina za DOS ndi Mabaibulo oyambirira a Windows; kusintha kwa mzere wa lamulo koma kumavuta pamene ntchito imafuna submenu ya submenu ya submenu ya menu menyu
• Uthenga: zokhudzana ndi nkhani zomwe zigawidwe
• MHz (megahertz): imodzi hertz ndi imodzi kayendedwe pamphindi; a megahertz ndi ofanana ndi milioni imodzi pamphindi
• MIB (chidziwitso choyang'anira): mtundu wa deta yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti igwiritse ntchito zipangizo zamakono
• MPEG (Gulu la Odziwa Zithunzi Zojambula): mawonekedwe a kanema wamakono akuwonekera ndi ".mpg" kufalikira pambuyo pa dzina la fayilo; Gulu logwira ntchito la ISO / IEC linayambitsa chitukuko cha mavidiyo ndi audio; kutchulidwa m-msomali
• MPLS (multiprotocol label switching): njira yomwe imaphatikizapo zowonjezera 2 zokhudzana ndi mautumiki (bandwidth, latency, ntchito) mu Gawo 3 (IP) mkati mwa dongosolo lapadera lokhazikika kuti likhale losavuta ndi kusintha kusintha kwa IP packet exchange
• Mpps (mamiliyoni mapaketi pa mphindi): muyeso wa chidziwitso chotumizidwa pa mphindi
• Multiplexing: ndondomeko yoyika zizindikiro zambiri pa waya panthawi yomweyo
• Otsatsa maulendo ambiri: alola zipangizo zamtundu uliwonse kuti zilowetse ku malo apakati, kugawana nawo zomwezo, ndi kubwereza (kubwereza) chizindikiro; amatchedwanso kuti mabala ochitirana ntchito
• Zotsatira zamakono: lolani ntchito ziwiri kapena zingapo zosiyana kuti zichitike nthawi yomweyo ndi makompyuta
• Kuthetsa dzina: Ndondomeko yomwe dzina la mnzako likugwiritsidwa ntchito payekha lirilonse la kukambirana likugwirizana ndi magulu ena
• NAP (network access point): malo osungirako mauthenga osinthika omwe Network Network Providers (NSPs) angasinthane magalimoto, m'malo mwa nsanamira ya NSFNet ya pa Intaneti; tsopano m'malo mwa IXPs zamakono
• NAT (wotanthauzira adiresi ya pa intaneti): zimaphatikizapo kubwereza mauthenga omwe amachokera komanso / kapena komwe akupita pa mapepala a IP pamene akudutsa pa router kapena firewall; Komanso amatchedwa network network, kusinthika kwa aderese, kapena IP-masquerading
• NetBIOS (makina othandizira machitidwe / machitidwe): amalola kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta osiyanasiyana kuti azilankhulana pamtunda wamakono (LAN)
• Kusanjikiza kwa malumikizowo: amalola kompyuta kusinthanitsa deta ndi kompyuta ina pamsewu wamba wamagetsi; gawo la TCP / IP chitsanzo chomwe chimagwira ntchito zomwezo monga chiyanjano cha deta komanso zigawo za thupi la OSI.
• Adilesi ya intaneti : mbali ya adiresi ya IP yomwe yapatsidwa mwachindunji ndi mmodzi wa mabungwe a ICANN
• Kulumikiza makina: momwe makasitomala ndi ma seva osiyanasiyana amakonzedwa kuti apange mgwirizano, ntchito, ndi chitetezo
• NOS (njira yogwiritsira ntchito makina): imakonzanso zomangamanga / kasitomala; imapereka ndikuthandizira mautumiki apakompyuta monga ma foni, ma-mail, intaneti ndi ma intranet, ndi mapulogalamu
• NIC (makina owonetsera makanema): adapadata ya hardware yomwe imapereka mphamvu yolumikizana; omwe ali ndi udindo wokonza, kutumiza, kulandira, ndi kukonza mafelemu mu malo a LAN; amagwira ntchito ngati mawonekedwe pakati pa makina opangidwa ndi makina komanso waya
• NNTP (mauthenga a pulogalamu yotumiza mauthenga): amachititsa USENET kuthekera; ndondomeko ya kufalitsa, kufufuza, kubwezeretsa, ndi kutumiza nkhani za nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodalirika yofalitsa uthenga pakati pa ARPAInternet community
• Chikumbutso chosasakanikirana: zipsu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngakhale pamene dongosolo likuchotsedwa
• NRZ-L (osabwerera ku mlingo wa zero): mawonekedwe a encoding yadijito; Mpweya woipa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira kabina 1, ndipo mphamvu yabwino imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira binary 0
• NSP (network service provider): bizinesi kapena bungwe lomwe limagulitsa kugwedezeka kwa makompyuta kapena mawonekedwe a intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito msana wodalirika wopita ku intaneti, ndipo kawirikawiri amatha kupeza malo ogwiritsira ntchito makina (onani NAP)
• OC1 (optical carrier, mlingo 1): kugwiritsira ntchito fiber optic kulumikiza deta pa 51.85 Mbps
• Malo ogwiritsira ntchito: momwe OS amalamulira ma hardware ndi mapulojekiti othandizira
• OS (njira yogwiritsira ntchito): mawonekedwe pakati pa mapulojekiti (mawu opindika, spreadsheet, etc.) ndi zipangizo zamakina
• OSI (njira zotseguka zogwirizanitsa) chitsanzo: chinapangidwa kuti chiwonetsetse ntchito zosiyana zomwe zimafunika kuti zitsatire ndondomeko iliyonse ya protocol; limatanthawuza ntchito zambiri zomwe zingatheke ndi zipangizo zothandizira
• OSPF (njira yotseguka yoyamba yoyamba): chimbudzi cholowera pakhomo pakhomo (onani IGP) kwa network networking protocol