Kumvetsetsa Ubale pakati pa Mapindu Odzipereka ndi HSAs
Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mapulani a zaumoyo akuluakulu ku US, ndalama za ndalama zothandizira (HSAs) ndizopindulitsa, zopindulitsa zopindulitsa zomwe ogwira ntchito ambiri amapereka. Ogwira ntchito ali ndi mwayi wopatula phindu lolipira msonkho omwe angagwiritse ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zachipatala, kuphatikizapo njira zina zothandizira anthu monga chithandizo cha misala, chisamaliro cha chiropractic, ndi thandizo la zakudya.
Kuchokera mu 2017, SHRM imanena kuti Internal Revenue Service yakhazikitsa malire omwe anthu angathe kupatula pa HSAs ($ 50), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti antchito apindule kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mauthenga Omwe Amawononga Moyo ku US
Bungwe la Research Benefits Research Institute limalangiza kuti, "kuyambira pa 31 December, 2016, muli ndalama zokwana madola 11.5 miliyoni za HSA ndi ndalama zokwana madola 11.4 biliyoni." Phunziroli linasonyezanso kuti ochuluka a akaunti ya HSA amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo kuti azipeza ndalama , kuphatikizapo ndalama zothandizira, inshuwalansi, ndalama zothandizana, komanso ndalama zothandizira mankhwala. Ena akuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati kuwona ndalama kuti azilipira ntchito zokhudzana ndi umoyo wabwino kapena kukonzekera ndalama zazikulu, ngakhale kuti angathe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazi pazinthu zina zopezera msonkho. Mu 2016, EBRI inalembetsa pafupifupi 63 peresenti ya ogwiritsira ntchito ntchito ya HSA kuchotsa ndalama zothandizira zosiyanasiyana.
Ubwino Wodzifunira Ungathandize Pogwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Zothandizira Zaumoyo
Zosankha zina zomwe abwana angapereke kwa antchito ndizo ntchito zopindulitsa zomwe zimapereka chitetezo kwa antchito.
Izi ndi 100 peresenti antchito omwe amadzipangira okha ndalama angathandize kuchepetsa mtengo wa inshuwalansi ya inshuwalansi zachipatala pamene antchito amagwiritsa ntchito njira zodzifunira. Komabe, iwo ali phindu lopindulitsa, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zawo mopitirira malire pa mitundu ina ya inshuwalansi.
Zitsanzo za mitundu yowonjezera ya zopindula mwaufulu ndizo:
- Ndondomeko zothandizira kuchipatala
- Inshuwalansi ya ngozi
- Inshuwalansi ya khansa komanso matenda aakulu
- Inshuwalansi yowonjezera moyo
- Inshuwalansi ya mano
- Masomphenya amataya phindu
- Inshuwalansi yayitali ndi yayitali kwa nthawi yaitali
- Inshuwalansi yodziwika bwino
- Pet inshuwalansi
- Kubwezera ngongole kwa ophunzira
Misonkho Yabwino Yopindulitsa ku US
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2016 Towers Watson Voluntary Benefits and Services, "92 peresenti ya abwana a US amakhulupirira kuti phindu lawo ndi ntchito zawo zidzakhala zofunikira kwa ogwira ntchito awo kukhala ofunika pa zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zotsatira." Mu 2015, chiwerengero ichi chinali 73 peresenti. Pofika mu 2018, mapindu ambiri omwe ali pamwambawa adzalandira pafupifupi 80 peresenti yopereka limodzi ndi mabungwe ambiri.
Kodi Kuwonjezeka kwa Madalitso Odzipereka Kumachokera kuti?
Chiŵerengero chowonjezeka cha antchito omwe akusowa zopindulitsa mwaufulu akubwera kuchokera ku mibadwo yachinyamata omwe amafuna kuti azilamulira kwambiri madola awo a zaumoyo. Ambiri amafuna mapulani othandizira azaumoyo omwe amakwaniritsa zosowa zawo, ndipo akhoza kusintha chaka ndi chaka mosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, wogwira ntchito limodzi angathe kufuna inshuwalansi ya pet. Kenaka wogwira ntchitoyo wosakwatiwa akukwatira ndipo amafuna inshuwalansi yowonjezera kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi yemwe alibe chokwanira kuchokera kwa abwana ake.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu ambiri samangotaya ndalama zowopsa monga momwe mibadwo ina inachitira. Kafukufuku wa 2017 wa Bankrate okalamba 1,003 anasonyeza kuti 57 peresenti ya anthu a ku America alibe ndalama zokwanira kuti aphimbe ngakhale ndalama zokwana $ 500 zosayembekezereka. Ndalama zazikulu kwambiri kwa anthu ndizokonzekera galimoto ndi kunyumba, ndi ndalama zamankhwala. Ngakhale chuma chakhala chikubwezeretsa pang'onopang'ono, zopindulitsa sizinapitirize ndi ndalama za moyo kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90. Choncho, kuwonjezeka kwa ma HSA onse ndi mapulogalamu opindulitsa mwadzidzidzi apatsa ogulitsa zinthu zambiri kuti azilipiritsa ndalama zothandizira.
Kodi Zopindulitsa Zowonjezera Zingatheke Kuchokera Kumalembera Okhudzidwa ndi Thanzi Labwino?
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti chithandizo chamankhwala sichitha ndipo sichiyenera kukhala njira imodzi yofanana. Pankhani ya ndalama zachuma komanso zopindulitsa, antchito ali ndi chisankho chochita nawo kapena ayi.
Angathe kugwiritsanso ntchito momwe angapezere msonkho wapadera omwe akufuna kuti awathandize. Ena angasankhe kupereka ndalama zochulukirapo kwa HSA kuti akwaniritse zosowa za mtsogolo zaumoyo (monga opaleshoni yamakono kapena mimba), pamene ena angapereke ndalama zochepa kuti azilipiritsa mankhwala ndi chithandizo chochepetsera okha.
Ndondomeko zopindulitsa zowonjezera zitha kukhala njira yotsika mtengo kwa antchito ena kukonzekera zosowa zachipatala. Angakhale akukumana ndi matenda aakulu omwe amawaika kuchipatala kawirikawiri, choncho ndondomeko ya chipatala yomwe amawapatsa malipiro ochulukirapo pokhazikika amakhala oyenera kwambiri. Wogwira ntchito yemwe akudwala mankhwala a chemotherapy angasankhe kupita ndi ndondomeko yovuta ya matenda yomwe imapereka thandizo lachuma kwambiri kwa ndalama zomwe sitingathe kuziyembekezera zomwe zingawonongeke akaunti ya HSA pamasabata.
HSA ndi Inshuwalansi Yodzipereka
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ma HSA ndi mapulani opindulitsa mwaufulu akuwonetsedwa bwino momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Ndalama zosungirako zaumoyo ndi ndalama zomwe zisanapereke msonkho zomwe zili pamtengo wapadera pachaka. Iwo ali 100 peresenti kudzipindulitsa ndi antchito omwe amazindikira kuti peresenti ya malipiro awo aperekedwa ku nkhani yapaderayi kulipira kulikonse. Ndalama za HSA zowonjezera, koma musapeze chidwi. Ndalama zimapezeka kudzera pa khadi la debit kuti lilipidwe mwachindunji kwa ogulitsa, kapena mwa kupereka zivomerezo zowonjezera kubwereka ku akaunti ya banki. Pamene wogwira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo kuti apereke ndalama zothandizira kuchipatala kapena mankhwala, ndipamwamba pakuchita zimenezo. Antchito ena amangosiya ndalama zokhazokha ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati malo ogulitsa msonkho.
Phindu lodzipereka ndilo 'ntchito kapena kutaya' njira, mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya mapulogalamu ogwira ntchito. Mwezi uliwonse, antchito amalipiritsa ndalama zochepa podula malipiro awo kuti athe kutenga nawo mbali ndondomeko yodzifunira. Iwo ndi 100 peresenti podzipindulitsa okha, koma (mosiyana ndi HSAs) mapepala oyendetsera ndalama samaphatikizapo nthawi. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kusankha nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, ayenera kuikapo malonda ovomerezeka, ndipo ndalama zimaperekedwa kwa iwo (osapereka). Izi zimachitika pachithunzi chilichonse choyenerera. Kumapeto kwa chaka, opindula amapindula ndi mamembala awo, ndipo amatha kuika ndalama zina mu akaunti ina yosungirako ndalama. Koma iwo ayenera kumalipirabe misonkho pa izo.
Mitundu ya mapulani odzipindulitsa omwe angalowe m'malo mwa ndalama zowonjezera ndalama zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zosowa zachuma ndi chisamaliro chimene aliyense ali nacho. Mwachitsanzo, wogwira ntchito akhoza kuchita nawo ndondomeko ya ngozi, mgwirizano wa chipatala, ndi ndondomeko yovuta ya matenda. Wogwira ntchitoyu akhoza kukhala ndi dzanja losweka, ndi ulendo wopita kuchipatala chodzidzimutsa ndi opaleshoni yotsatira imene imafuna kukhala m'chipatala ndikukhala ndi mankhwala. Ndondomeko ya ngozi ingawononge wogwira ntchito $ 750 chifukwa cha bongo losweka, ndondomeko yothandizira kuchipatala ikhoza kulipira madola 1,000 patsiku kuti chipatala chikhalepo, ndipo ndondomeko ya matenda aakulu idzabwezera $ 0. Ngati wogwira ntchitoyo ali ndi HSA, iye angagwiritse ntchito ntchitoyi kuti awononge ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito HDHP ya mankhwala ndi mankhwala.
Kugwiritsira ntchito mapulani opindulitsa odzipereka kumapatsa antchito kusintha kwakukulu momwe angagwiritsire ntchito madola awo a zaumoyo, komwe amalandira chisamaliro, ndi kukambirana nawo kuti apite malire. Angagulidwe mwachindunji ndi zina zothandizira zaumoyo ndikuponyedwa pamene sakufunikanso kwa antchito. Ndondomeko zodzifunira zimakhala zotsika mtengo pamagulu a gulu, poyerekezera ndi mitundu ina ya mapindu. Angakhalenso odzidula ngati wogwira ntchito ali pakati pa nthawi yolembera kapena ataya ntchito.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zipatala zina zamaphunziro zimapereka zokhazokha zokhazokha, zomwe zingapereke ndalama zothandizira chisamaliro chodziteteza komanso chisamaliro. Pachifukwa ichi, HSA kapena ndondomeko ya inshuwalansi yaufulu ikhoza kupereka chithandizo chabwino kwa antchito malinga ndi zosowa zawo. Izi ndizomwe zimadalira mtundu wa chisamaliro choperekedwa ndi ndondomeko yovomerezeka.
Mapindu odzipereka angakhalenso malo abwino kwa antchito omwe akuyamba ndi ntchito yatsopano. Iwo sangakhale opeza ndalama zokwanira zogulira ndalama zambiri kuposa HDHP yoperekedwa ndi abwana awo, ndipo sanakhale ndi nthawi yomanga ndalama zambiri ku HSA ndalama kapena akaunti yachangu yopulumutsa. Pachifukwa ichi, ndondomeko yopindulitsa yowonjezera ingapereke ukonde wotetezera mpaka nthawi yomwe angathe kupulumutsa zambiri mu HSA, kapena kupeza ndalama zochepa zothandizira inshuwalansi ya umoyo ndi abwana.
Chifukwa Chimene Ogwira Ntchito Amasankha Mmodzi pa Zina
Olemba ntchito akamapereka chithandizo chaufulu monga inshuwalansi ya mano, masomphenya, chithandizo cha inshuwalansi ndi zina zomwe sizinaphatikizidwe ndi inshuwalansi zaumoyo, zimawonedwa ngati bonasi kwa ogwira ntchito. Iwo samayang'ana kawirikawiri izi monga malo a chisamaliro. Angasankhe kuti asagwiritse ntchito HSA pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukhala wathanzi komanso osadalira kwambiri. Angakhale ndi zina zowonjezera ndalama monga ngongole ya aphunzitsi ndi ndalama zapakhomo zomwe zimawalepheretsa kusunga ndalama mu HSA. Kapena iwo sanaphunzirepo pa malo abwino kwambiri a pakhomo omwe HSA amapereka.
N'zosakayikitsa kuti mapulani a inshuwalansi mwaufulu adzalanda malo a ndalama zowonjezera ndalama, chifukwa cha zifukwa izi. Zopindulitsa sizimagwirizana ndi HSAs. Pamene agwiritsidwa ntchito potsatizana ndi zina za inshuwalansi zomwe mungasankhe ndi ndalama zogulitsa ndalama, izi ndi pamene antchito anzeru ali ndi bwino kwambiri.
Kumvetsetsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito njira zopindulitsa, komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito HSAs, ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito inshuwalansi ya zamankhwala kumabweretsa maphunziro ndi kuzindikira mtundu uliwonse wa mapulani. Palibe njira 100 yolondola yogwiritsira ntchito ubwino wa thanzi, koma pali njira zambiri zosungira ndalama pa chisamaliro ndi kukhalabe bwino. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuyesetsa kuphunzira momwe angathere posankha.