Maziko Osungirako Zaumoyo (HSA)

by Susan Nathan

Kufotokozera HSA ndi Kuyenerera

Thandizo la zaumoyo ndi gawo lofunikira la phindu la ogwira ntchito, ngakhale kuti ndi lamtengo wapatali. Pokhala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala akukwera, malonda akufunafuna njira zina zowonongeka zowonongeka. Chimodzi mwa zosankha zomwe zilipo ndi Account Savings Account (HSA).

Kodi HSA ndi chiyani?

HSA ndi mtundu wa akaunti yothandizira odwala. HSAs ndi mtundu wa chithandizo cha zaumoyo omwe amachitika pambuyo pa ma Archer MSAs, atabwera pamene Purezidenti Bush adayina mu Medicare Modernization Act mu 2003.

Ndi mtundu wa akaunti yomwe imalola anthu kuti asunge ndalama zoyenera zothandizira misonkho.

HSAsetsetsedwe kwa aliyense yemwe akulembera ku High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) woyenera . Ndalama za ndalama zaperekedwa mu akaunti ya msonkho. Ndalama mu HSA amaloledwa kudziunjikira mu akaunti ndikupeza chiwongoladzanja. Ngati wogwira ntchitoyo ali ndi ndalama zothandizira odwala, munthu ameneyo amasiya msonkho wa ndalama pazofunika. Mitundu ina ya ndalama zoyenera zachipatala zomwe akauntiyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulipira zikuphatikizirapo ndalama zothandizira, ndalama zothandizira inshuwalansi, ndi mapepala. Ndalama zimakhala mu akaunti chaka ndi chaka ndipo zimangopitirirabe.

HSAs ali ndi mwiniwake, osati ndi abwana. Ndalama iliyonse yoperekedwa mu akauntiyi, kaya ndi abwana kapena ogwira ntchito, ndiye wogwira ntchitoyo kuti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zawo zoyenera.

Ndani ali woyenera ku HSA?

Olemba ntchito amene akufuna kukhazikitsa HSA kwa antchito awo ayenera kulembetsa antchito awo ku HDHP .

Kuti muyenerere HSA, antchito

Iyenera kukhala ndi kufalitsa kudzera HDHP
Alibe chithandizo kudzera mu inshuwalansi yathanzi iliyonse
Alibe chidziwitso kudzera mwa Medicare
Sitingadzinenere ngati wodalira pa msonkho wa munthu aliyense

Aliyense angathe kulandira HSA mosasamala kanthu za ndalama. Palibe malipiro ochepa omwe angapangirepo HSA.

Ndani Sali Woyenerera HSA?

Ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi zotsatirazi sangathe kulemba HSA: HSAs pansi pa ulamuliro woyamba wa dola.

Medicare
Kulipira
Flexible Spending Account (FSA)
Akaunti ya Kulipira Zaumoyo (HRA)

Pali zina zosiyana. Ogwira ntchito akhoza kukhala ndi HSA ndi HRA kapena FSA pansi pazifukwa zina.

Ngati HRA ndi FSA zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pa masomphenya, mano kapena njira zothandizira anthu osamalidwa komanso osati zachipatala, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi HSA.
HRAs ndi FSAs zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa akaunti zachipatala Pambuyo pokhapokha pokhapokha ndalama zochepa zomwe zaperekedwa chaka chonse cha HDHP.
HRA yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kuti ipereke ndalama zothandizira chithandizo chaumoyo mutatha ntchito ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi HSA yomwe ilipo.
Ngati HRA yakhazikitsidwa kale ndipo wogwira ntchitoyo akuvomereza kuti asamapereke ndalama zothandizira odwala pa nthawi yomwe pakhale zopereka kwa HSA yawo, onsewo adzaloledwa kukhalapo nthawi yomweyo.

Ndani Angapereke Kwa HSA?

Zopereka za HSA zingapangidwe ndi abwana, ogwira ntchito kapena kudzera pothandizana nawo palimodzi. Chopereka chingapangidwenso ndi munthu wina m'malo mwa wogwira ntchitoyo. Ogwira ntchito angapangitsenso nthawi imodzi kuchoka ku IRA yawo kupita ku HSA. Aliyense yemwe ali wodzigwira ntchito, mnzake kapena gawo la S-Corporation sali ngati antchito a kampani ndipo sangathe kulandira thandizo la abwana.

Iwo akhoza kutsegula HSA, koma iyenera kukhala yopindulitsa yekha.

Ngati abwana amathandizira ku HSA, angathe kuchita izi m'njira zingapo:

Zopereka zingapangidwe kupyolera mu kuchepetsa malipiro kupyolera mu gawo la chakudya 125 gawo pa msonkho usanakhalepo.
Wobwana akhoza kupereka zopereka kudzera mu dongosolo lakadyera m'malo mwa wogwira ntchitoyo.

Malamulo ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komabe. Ngati bwana akupereka zopereka kapena gawo lililonse la zopereka kwa HSA, gawolo sililipira msonkho kwa wogwira ntchito ngati ndalama kapena malipiro. Kuphatikizanso apo, zopereka ziyenera kuyima kamodzi ngati munthu atalembedwa mu mtundu uliwonse wa mapulani a Medicare.

Kumbukirani kuti ndalama zikaperekedwa ndi abwana ku akaunti ya wogwira ntchito, ndalama iliyonse imayesedwa ngati wogwira ntchitoyo, ngakhale atachoka ku kampaniyo mwadzidzidzi kapena mwadzidzidzi.

Munthuyo ali ndi akauntiyo ndikusankha momwe ndalamazo zimaperekera ndalama zothandizira zachipatala ndi kuyendetsa ndalama, pamene agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kampaniyo, ndipo kamodzi munthuyo sagwiranso ntchito kwa kampaniyo.

HSA ndi malire a HDHP Ophatikiza

Ndalama zotsatirazi zimasinthidwa chifukwa cha kupuma kwa ndalama pachaka.

HDHP osachepera deductible:
2008:
$ 1,100 (kulumikiza payekha)
$ 2,200 (kulumikizana kwa banja)

2009:
$ 1,150 (kutsegula payekha)
$ 2,300 (kulumikizana kwa banja)

Pulogalamu ya HDHP yapachaka (kuphatikizapo deductibles ndi co-pay) sangathe kupitirira:
2008:
$ 5,600 (kulumikiza payekha)
$ 11,200 (kufalitsa mabanja)

2009:
$ 5,800 (kulumikiza payekha)
$ 11,600 (kufalikira kwa banja)

Ndalama Zowonjezera HSA HSA
2008:
$ 2,900 (kupatula payekha)
$ 5,800 (kulumikizana kwa banja)

2009:
$ 3,000 (kulumikiza payekha)
$ 5,950 (Kuwunikira kwa banja)

Zopereka Zowonjezera (zaka 55 kapena kuposerapo)
2008:
$ 900

2009:
$ 1,000

Ndalama iliyonse yoperekedwa kwa HSA yomwe imapitirira mlingo wapatali wopereka ndalama ayenera kuchotsedwa, mwinamwake, imayenderana ndi msonkho wa msonkho. Ngati ndalama za HSA zisanafike, palibe chilango. Zopereka zonse zimayesedwa kwa chaka chotsatira miyezi ingati wogwira ntchitoyo ali mu dongosolo.

Kodi ndalama mu HSA zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa china chilichonse?

Ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa ku HSA ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndalama zoyenera zokhudzana ndi HDHP. Malipiro othandizira ndalama ayenera kusungidwa pamalo abwino. Ngati wogwira ntchito ayenera kuchotsa ndalama za HSA, zikufanana ndi chilango choti achoke ku IRA isanafike nthawi yake. Kuchotsedwa kwa ndalama kumaperekedwa kwa msonkho, kuphatikizapo chilango cha 10%. Yerekezani ndi FSA ndi HSA.

Ndani Angapereke Kwa HSA?

Ngati abwana amathandizira ku HSA, angathe kuchita izi m'njira zingapo:

Zopereka zingapangidwe kupyolera mu kuchepetsa malipiro kupyolera mu gawo la chakudya 125 gawo pa msonkho usanakhalepo.
Wobwana akhoza kupereka zopereka kudzera mu dongosolo lakadyera m'malo mwa wogwira ntchitoyo.

Kumbukirani kuti ndalama zikaperekedwa ndi abwana ku akaunti ya wogwira ntchito, ndalama iliyonse imayesedwa ngati wogwira ntchitoyo, ngakhale atachoka ku kampaniyo mwadzidzidzi kapena mwadzidzidzi. Munthuyo ali ndi akauntiyo ndikusankha momwe ndalamazo zimaperekera ndalama zothandizira zachipatala ndi kuyendetsa ndalama, pamene agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kampaniyo, ndipo kamodzi munthuyo sagwiranso ntchito kwa kampaniyo.