Kupita kwa Malamulo Othandiza
Bungwe la federal lisanapereke malamulo, liyenera kukhala ndi lamulo loti lichite zimenezi.
US Congress nthawi zambiri amapereka malamulo otsogolera maboma kuti apereke malamulo. Lamulo lotero limapereka bungweli kuti liwatsogolere ndondomeko yawo koma limasiya mfundo zonse kwa akatswiri a boma. Kuwonjezera pa kugwira ntchito mkati mwa malamulo ovomerezeka, mabungwe ayenera kutsata malamulo a Administrative Procedures Act omwe amalamulira federal federal.
Ngakhale kuti malamulo olemba olemba maudindo angamawoneke ngati akuphwanya kupatukana kwa mphamvu zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri ku boma la America, mabungwe a federal akhoza kukhazikitsa malamulo okha mwalamulo lomwe apatsidwa ndi Congress. Malamulo awa a boma amalola nzika zonse kuti zikhale ndi malamulo akulu omwe angawakhudze. Nzika zimapatsidwa mpata wokonzera chilankhulo cha malamulo ndi ndemanga pa mabungwe a zinenero akupempha. Kuphatikizidwa kwa azitukuko kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino za boma kusiyana ndi zomwe zingapangidwe mu Congress.
Chifukwa chakuti Congress imayankha kwa akatswiri a bungwe pa nkhani zomwe mamembala ambiri a Congress sakudziwa pang'ono sizikutanthauza mabungwe a federal akhoza kuthawa.
Ndondomekoyi itatha, Congress ikhoza kukayikira atsogoleri a bungwe pazochita zomwe adachita pa njira ya rulemaking.
Kukonzekera Kudongosolo
Mabungwe a federal amafunika kupanga zikalata zopangira rulemaking. Mapepalawa amapereka chisonyezo kwa anthu pa ntchito ya rulemaking yomwe ikubwera posachedwa.
Mabungwe amapanga Mphamvu Yowonetsera Chaka chilichonse mu kugwa ndi Pulogalamu Yoyendetsa ndi Kukonzekera mu kugwa ndi masika. Pamodzi iwo amatchedwa Unified Agenda.
Ogwira nawo mbali
Malamulo sangathe kupangidwira. Kupititsa patsogolo malamulo ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha malamulo omwe akutsutsidwa m'khoti, mabungwe amachititsa anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyi kuti asinthe. Angathe kuchita izi mwachidziwitso. Maofesiwa amachitira ochita nawo ntchito mwachindunji powalankhulana ndi okhudzidwa omwe akudziwa ndikusonkhanitsa zomwe amalemba asanalembedwe ndi malamulo. Kuti agwirizane ndi ochita nawo ntchito, mabungwe amalembera Zomwe Zapangidwe za Rulemaking Yoperekedwa mu Federal Register. Chidziwitso chimayambira ndondomeko yoyenera ndondomeko yoyenera yowonetsera kayendetsedwe ka anthu yomwe imakhalapo malamulo omwe akukambidwa
Kutsatsa
Pambuyo pofufuzira nkhani yomwe ilipo ndikupempha thandizo kuchokera kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, ogwira ntchito ku federal omwe amalembedwa ndi malamulo kulembera. Pambuyo pazigawo zonse zoyenera za bungwe loyang'anira bungweli likuvomereza malamulo omwe akufuna, bungwe limapereka Chidziwitso cha Rulemaking Yoperekedwa ku Federal Register. Chidziwitso chili ndi zigawo zingapo:
- Chidule: Chiganizo chofotokozera nkhani zomwe malamulowa akufunsidwa ndi momwe ulamuliro umayendera.
- Madeti: Tsiku limene nthawi yowunikira anthu yatha.
- Maadiresi: Njira zomwe nzika kapena kagulu angayankhe pa malamulo omwe akufuna.
- Zowonjezera Zowonjezera: Kukambilana za phindu la lamulo lofunsidwa, deta yamtengo wapatali ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kulembera malamulo, kufotokoza kwa zisankho za boma zomwe zapangidwa komanso kufotokozedwa kwalamulo kuti akhazikitse lamuloli.
Magulu a Anthu
Nthawi ya ndemanga ya anthu imapereka mwayi kwa anthu komanso magulu omwe ali ndi chidwi kuti adziwe maganizo awo ponena za lamulo lomwe akufuna. Momwemo, anthu ambiri ndi magulu omwe akufuna kutsindika pa lamulo loperekedwa adzakhala atagwiridwa ndi bungwe lisanayambe pempho. Ngakhale njira zabwino zothandizira anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito sizingatheke kwa olemba ndondomeko zonse, kotero anthu amatha kufotokozera kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pa njira ya rulemaking.
Nthawi za ndemanga zimatha masiku 30 mpaka 60, koma nthawi zina ndemanga zakhala zoposa masiku 180.
Nthawi zowonjezereka zapadera zimaperekedwa kwa malamulo ovuta kwambiri. Mabungwe amasankha kulandira ndemanga kupyolera pa intaneti yowonetsera kulamulira ndemanga. Kutsatsa zamagetsi kumathandiza mabungwe kuti azindikire ndemangazo.
Ngati bungwe limalandira ndemanga zazikulu motsutsana ndi lamulo loperekedwa, likhoza kuyambiranso malamulo omwe akuyang'ana ndemangazo ndipo ayenera kukhazikitsa malamulowo. Kuwonetsetsa sikofunikira ngati bungwe likukhulupirirabe kuti likuyendetsedwa bwino ndi malamulo; Komabe, bungweli liyenera kuti lidzasintha malamulowo m'njira zina. Bungweli limatsimikizira zolinga zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira.
Bungweli likhoza kuberekanso ngati silikhutira ndi khalidwe la ndemanga zomwe zimalandira mu ndemanga yoyamba. Sichidzakonzanso malamulo omwe angapangidwe ngati akungofuna ndemanga zambiri.
Malamulo Otsiriza
Pomwe lamuloli lafunsidwa, linayankhapo ndikukonzedwanso ngati kuli koyenera, liri lokonzeka kuti lifalitsidwe ngati lamulo lomaliza. Ndi mabungwe ati omwe amasindikiza mu Federal Register ya ulamuliro womaliza ali ofanana ndi Chidziwitso cha Rulemaking Yoperekedwa. Nthawi yomaliza yopereka ndemanga imatsatiridwa ndi tsiku lomveka la malamulo. Tsikuli ndilo masiku osachepera 30 kutulutsa lamulo lomaliza.
Dipatimentiyi imayankhira pamatsutso akuluakulu mu gawo la Supplementary Information. Izi zimathandiza anthu kumvetsetsa zomwe bungweli likuchita pamasewero omwe adaperekedwa ku lamulo loperekedwa ndi chifukwa chake sizinaphatikizepo ndemanga zina.