Pakalipano, chizindikiritso cha paralegals ndi njira yodzifunira; palibe kuyesedwa kovomerezeka kwa othandizi a zamalamulo kuli ku United States. Komabe, chidziwitso chotsimikiziridwa chakhala chochititsa chidwi ndi kukangana kwa zaka zingapo zapitazo pakati pa mabungwe osayendetsa milandu, mabungwe a bar, ndi malamulo a boma.
Chivomerezo cha apolisi chimawonetsera olemba ntchito kudzipereka kuntchito ndikudziŵa luso ndi nzeru zina zofunika kuntchito. Maluso ndi chidziwitso chimene amayesedwa ndi mayeso ovomerezeka ndi odziwa bwino malamulo, malamulo, ndi malamulo othandizira, komanso kufufuza, kulankhulana ndi luso lolemba.
Akuluakulu a zamalamulo ambiri amapeza akatswiri apadera atatha kupeza zaka zingapo m'munda. Ngakhale kuti chovomerezeka sichinali chofunikira kwa ntchito ya apolisi , zingapangitse okhulupilira anu kukhulupilika, chiyembekezo cha ntchito, ndi kuthekera kwa ndalama.
M'munsimu muli ndondomeko yowonjezera maumboni ovomerezeka omwe ali ovomerezeka.
National Association of Legal Assistants
Thupi lotsatira: National Association of Legal Assistants, Inc. (NALA), womwe uli kufupi ndi Tulsa, Oklahoma, adayamba kupereka chithandizo cha certification (Wothandizira Wothandizira Malamulo) mu 1976. NALA imaperekanso mayesero apamwamba.
Udindo: Wothandizidwa Wothandizira Wamalamulo (CLA) kapena Wofotokozedwa Paralegal (CP). Akuluakulu apakati pa 12,000 adapeza ntchitoyi. Mu 2004, NALA inalembetsa chizindikiro "CP" kwa iwo amene amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "pulezidenti" mmalo mwa "wothandizira malamulo."
Zolinga Zokwanira: Kuti muyenerere kuunika kwa CLA / CP, wothandizira malamulo ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina zotsatirazi:
1. Kumaliza maphunziro kuchokera ku pulogalamu yothandizira malamulo kuti:
- Yavomerezedwa ndi American Bar Association; kapena
- Ndondomeko ya digiri; kapena
- Pulogalamu yamakalata a post-baccalaureate m'maphunziro othandizira alamulo; kapena
- Ndondomeko ya dipatimenti ya bachelor ku maphunziro othandizira malamulo; kapena
- Pulogalamu yothandizira malamulo yomwe imakhala ndi maola osachepera 60 (maola 900 kapena maola 90) omwe maola khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (maola ola limodzi ndi makumi awiri ndi awiri kapena makumi asanu ndi awiri kapena makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri (22 hours) aliwonse amatsatira malamulo a malamulo.
2. Dipatimenti ya bachelor m'munda uliwonse kuphatikizapo zochitika za chaka chimodzi ngati wothandizira malamulo. Kutsiriza kukwaniritsa maola khumi ndi awiri (kapena maola 22.5 kapena maola ola 225) a maphunziro othandizira amilandu adzawonekeratu kukhala ofanana ndi chaka chimodzi ngati wothandizira malamulo.
3. Diploma ya sukulu ya sekondale kapena yowonjezereka kuphatikizapo zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri (7) zomwe zikuwoneka ngati wothandizira palamulo moyang'aniridwa ndi membala wa Bar, kuphatikizapo umboni wa ndalama zosachepera makumi awiri (20) zopitiliza maphunziro a zamalamulo zatsirizidwa mkati zaka ziwiri (2) isanayambe tsiku loyesa.
Kufufuza. Kufufuza kwa CLA / CP ndi tsiku lachiwiri lopenda zofufuza mogwirizana ndi malamulo a boma. Mbali zazikulu za phunziroli ndi Communications, Ethics, Research Research, Human Relations ndi Njira Zokambirana, Chigamulo & Analytical Actions ndi Legal Terminology. Gawo lamilandu lamilandu likuluzikulu lili ndi mayesero asanu omwe akuphatikizapo American Legal System ndi magawo anayi a lamulo lothandizira monga osankhidwa ndi mayeso.
National Federation of Paralegal Associations
Thupi lotulutsa: National Federation of Paralegal Associations, Inc. (NFPA) amapereka Paralegal Advanced Competency Examination (PACE).
Udindo: "PACE - Paralegal Wobatizidwa" kapena "RP"
Zofunikira Zokwanira:
- Dipatimenti ya ovomerezeka ya maphunziro omwe amaphunzira kuchokera ku sukulu yodzivomerezedwa ndi boma, kapena / kapena ABA yovomerezeka ya maphunziro ovomerezeka; ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi (6) zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale oweruza; OR
- Dipatimenti ya bachelor mu maphunziro alionse omwe amachokera ku sukulu yomwe inavomerezedwa ndi boma komanso zaka zitatu (3) zoyambira pazolowera; OR
- Diploma ya bachelor ndi kumaliza pulojekiti ya pulezidenti ndi sukulu yolandiridwa ndi boma, anati pulogalamu yamilandu ikhoza kukhala mu digiri ya bachelor; ndi zaka ziwiri (2) zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri (2); OR
- Zaka zinayi (4) zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulezidenti apite patsogolo pa December 31, 2000.
Kuwunika: Kuyezetsa Paralegal Competency Examination (PACE) ndiyeso lachiwiri. Mgwirizano ndimayankhula ndi malamulo ndi malamulo. Pamene pakufunika kufunika, gawo la malamulo enieni a boma likhoza kukhazikitsidwa. Gawo Lachiwiri limayankhula zapadera.
National Association for Legal Professionals (NALS)
Thupi lokutulutsidwa : NALS (kale lomwe limadziwika kuti National Association for Legal Secretary), limapereka maumboni atatu: ALS (chivomerezo chake chachikulu), PP (kwa apolisi) ndi PLS (apamwamba certification).
Zithunzi: ALS, PP, ndi PLS
Zofunikira Zokwanira:
ALS - Kuti mukhale woyenera kutenga mayeso a ALS, muyenera kuti mudatsiriza chimodzi mwa zotsatirazi:
- bwalo lovomerezeka lazamalonda /
- NALS Training Course Course, kapena
- chaka chimodzi chokhala ndi maofesi ambiri.
PP - Kuti akakhale pa kafukufuku wa PP, munthu wosayimira malamulo ayenera kukhala ndi zaka zisanu akugwira ntchito yoyang'anira malamulo / othandizira malamulo. Wachilolezo ali ndi digiri yapamwamba-sekondari, chizindikiritso china kapena chiphaso chokhazikitsidwa ndi apolisi chiyenera kukhala ndi zaka zinayi zokha, pamene wophunzira yemwe ali ndi dipatimenti ya malamulo akufunika kukhala ndi zaka zitatu zokha.
PLS - Munthu aliyense amene ali ndi zaka zitatu muzolowera zalamulo akhoza kutenga mayeso. Umembala ku NALS sikofunikira. Kuchokera mwachindunji kwa zofunikira zakale za malamulo a zaka zitatu kungaperekedwe kwa madigiri apamwamba, kumaliza kukwanitsa kufufuza kwa ALS kapena zovomerezeka zina. Mtengo waukulu waiiver ndi chaka chimodzi.
Kufufuza:
ALS - ALS ndi kafukufuku wa magawo atatu olemba mauthenga olembedwa; njira za ofesi ndi chidziwitso chalamulo; ndi maubwenzi a anthu ndi chiweruzo.
PP - Pulogalamu ya PP certification ikuyendetsedwa m'magawo anayi ndipo imalemba mauthenga olembedwa, chidziwitso chalamulo ndi luso, malingaliro ndi luso la chiweruzo ndi lamulo lokhazikitsidwa. Otsatira akhoza kutenga mbali zina zolephera za mayeso.
Chidziwitso chimafunidwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi koma zingatheke kupyolera mwa kuwonjezeka kwa maola ndi ntchito zopitiliza maphunziro
PLS - Kuyeza kwa PLS ndi tsiku limodzi, magawo anayi omwe akuyang'aniridwa motere: Gawo 1 - Kuyankhulana kolembedwa, Gawo 2: Ndondomeko za Office ndi Technology, Gawo 3: Makhalidwe ndi Chiweruzo ndi Gawo 4: Chidziwitso cha Lamulo ndi Maluso .
Mgwirizanowu wa America
Thupi lotsuka: Amilandu Amilandu Achimereka, Inc. (AAPI)
Kulinganiza: AACP
Zolinga Zokwanira: Munthu aliyense wovomerezeka kuti apeze chivomerezo cha American Alliance ayenera kukhala ndi zaka zosachepera zisanu (5) zoyenera kuyanjana ndi aphunzitsi ndi kukwaniritsa chimodzi (1) mwazigawo zitatu (3) zotsatirazi:
(a) Bachelor kapena Dipatimenti yapamwamba pa chilango chilichonse kuchokera ku bungwe lovomerezeka; kapena
(b) Mgwirizano Wophatikiza Pakati pa Maphunziro a Pulezidenti wochokera ku bungwe lovomerezeka la ABA kapena pulogalamu yomwe ili membala wa bungwe la American Association for Education Paralegal; kapena
(c) Chiphaso chochokera ku pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya ABA kapena pulogalamu yomwe ili membala wa bungwe la American Association for Education Paralegal.
Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti mukukwanitsa zofunikira, AAPI imafuna kuti otsogolera apereke, pamodzi ndi ndalama zogulira, chikalata chovomerezeka cha zolemba zovomerezeka ndi zovomerezeka kapena chidziwitso chochokera kwa woweruza akutsimikizira ntchito yanu yapamwamba.
Kufufuza: Palibe
Kukonzekera / Kuzindikiranso: Pofuna kusunga chizindikiritso cha American Alliance, AACP iliyonse idzayambiranso chidziwitso chake kwa zaka ziwiri (2) ndi kumaliza maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu (18) omaliza maphunziro ("CLE"), ndi awiri (2) maola khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu (18) ali ndi makhalidwe. Umboni wothetseratu CLE yofunikila pamodzi ndi malipiro a zaka ziwiri zomwe zidzakonzedwenso panthawi ya kukonzanso zidzatumizidwa kwa Commission. Pa nthawi yotsitsimutsa, AACP iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulezidenti.