Maphunziro, Licensing ndi Zofunika Zina
Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chawo cha sayansi ndi masamu kuti athetse mavuto aumisiri. Amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga zomangamanga, zachilengedwe, zamakina , zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Kodi mukufuna kudziwa momwe mungakhalire injiniya? Phunzirani za zofunikira za maphunziro ndi momwe mungalowerere pulogalamu ya ujini. Onani zomwe muyenera kuchita mukamaliza maphunziro anu ndikupeza zomwe akulemba akuyembekezera pamene akulemba ntchito zowalowa.
01 Kodi Muli ndi Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kukhala Namisiri?
Kuwonjezera pa kukhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu sayansi ndi masamu, nzeru zina zofewa zidzakuthandizani kuti mupambane mu ntchitoyi. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kukhala wosungunuka bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuzindikira mavuto ndikubwera ndi njira zothetsera vutoli. Maluso abwino oganiza angakuthandizeni kufufuza njira iliyonse kuti mudziwe amene ali ndi mwayi wopambana. Muyeneranso kugwira ntchito pagulu, kuthetsa mavuto pamodzi ndi anzako. Muyenera kukhala omvetsera wabwino komanso wokamba nkhani.
02 Maphunziro Ofunikila
Ngati mukufuna kukhala injiniya muyenera kupeza digirii ya bachelor kuchokera pulogalamu ya ujini, makamaka ku nthambi imene mukufuna kugwira ntchito. Pankhani ya kusankha komwe mungaphunzire, mungasankhe pulogalamu yovomerezeka kapena yosamalidwa, koma kawirikawiri zimakhala zofunikanso kuti musankhe ovomerezeka. Kukhala ndi chizindikiro chimenecho kumatanthauza kuti pulogalamu ikugwirizana ndi mfundo zina. Mwinamwake mukusowa digiri kuchokera pa pulogalamu yovomerezeka kuti mukhale ndi chilolezo ndipo, owonjezera, olemba ambiri amasankha kukonzekera omaliza maphunziro awo. Mapulogalamu ovomerezeka a ABET opanga maphunziro ku engineering ku United States. Mabungwe osiyanasiyana ali ndi udindo umenewu m'mayiko ena. TryEngineering.org, webusaitiyi yomwe imapereka zokhudzana ndi maphunziro a zaumisiri ndi ntchito, ili ndi mndandanda wofufuza wa mapulogalamu ovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi.
Maphunziro a koleji amasiyana malinga ndi ofesi ya nthambi yomwe mumasankha. Kuwonjezera pa magulu anu a zamakono, muyenera kuyembekezera kupita patsogolo maphunziro a sayansi ndi masamu. Muyenera kukwaniritsa maphunziro onse kapena maphunziro oyambirira a sukulu yanu potsata maphunziro a Chingerezi, anthu komanso masayansi.
Pano pali chitsanzo cha maphunziro omwe alembedwa pakati pa zofunikira za mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana:
- Zida Zamakono
- Analytical Geometry ndi Calculus
- Makonzedwe Okongola ndi Amitundu
- Laboratory Laboratory Engineering
- Engineering Mathematics
- Kusanthula Zosankha
- Kufufuza ndi Kuopsa kwa Akatswiri
- General Chemistry
- General Physics
- Chiyankhulo cha Chingerezi
- Mbiri Yachimereka
- Chiyambi cha Psychology
- Mau oyambirira kwa Socialology
03 Kuyamba Ntchito Yomangamanga
Zovomerezeka zovomerezeka ndi njira zimasiyanasiyana ndi koleji. Ndikofunika kuti muyang'ane ndi mabungwe omwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kuti mudziwe za ndondomeko zawo. Kawirikawiri, uyenera kumaliza ntchito yonse ndikuyesa zovuta zoyenerera zovomerezeka monga SAT kapena ACT. Ofunsira ntchito pulogalamu zamakono nthawi zina amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji ku mapulogalamuwa kapena ngakhale kulangizidwa kwina ndipo nthawi zambiri amayenera kukwaniritsa ziyeneretso zina. Mwachitsanzo, iwo angafunikire kuti apeze zolemba zina pa masamu gawo la ACT kapena SAT, atatenga mayeso a SAT pachiwerengero cha masamu ndi sayansi ndi kumaliza maphunziro apamwamba apamwamba.
Ophunzira omwe akufuna kutumiza mapulogalamu a udauni kuchokera ku sukulu zina kapena ngakhale sukulu yomweyo adzakhala ndi makina owonjezera omwe adzalumphira. Zofunikira zimenezo zimasiyananso ndi sukulu. Choncho ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze bwinobwino musanayambe njirayi.
04 Zimene Muyenera Kuchita Mukamaliza Maphunziro a Ntchito Yomangamanga
Akatswiri omwe amapereka ntchito zawo kwachindunji amafunika chilolezo chochita zimenezo. Atapatsidwa chilolezo, amatchedwa Professional Engineers (PEs). Ku US, boma limodzi ndi District of Columbia zimapereka chilolezochi. Mukhoza kuphunzira zofunikira zokhudzana ndi chilolezo mudziko limene mukufuna kugwira ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito Chida Chogwira Ntchito Chololedwa kuchokera ku CareerOneStop koma kawirikawiri zonse zimafuna kuti wina apindule pulogalamu yovomerezeka, ali ndi zaka zinayi zoyambira ntchito ndipo wapita mayeso omwe akuyendetsedwa a National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying. Ngati mutasamukira ku dera lina kapena mukufuna kuchita maiko ambiri, muyenera kuitanitsa layisensi. Mwamwayi, popeza mayesowa ndi a fuko, simudzasowa.
Zochitika Zopatsa Chilolezo kwa Omaliza Maphunziro a Zomangamanga Zovomerezeka ku US
- Gawo 1: Tengani FE (Zomwe Zimapangidwira Zomangamanga) Kuyezetsa, kuyesa maola asanu ndi atatu, atatha maphunziro omaliza maphunziro.
- Gawo 2: Ngati mutapambana mayesero, yesetsani kukhala woyang'anira injini-yophunzitsa kapena injiniya kuti mukhale ndi zaka zinayi za ntchito, monga mukufunikira kuti mukhale ndi chilolezo chokwanira.
- Gawo 3: Tengani Pulogalamu ya PE (Exper Engineer) mu chilango chanu. Iyi ndi mayeso eyiti eyiti.
Kupeza Ntchito Yanu Yoyamba Yobu
Phunzirani zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri a injini. Nazi zizindikiro zomwe zimachokera kuzilengezo za ntchito zomwe zimapezeka m'mabuku osiyanasiyana:
- "Luso lokonzekera bungwe komanso nthawi."
- "Kukhoza kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso mbali ya gulu."
- "Amafufuza mwakhama, amazindikiritsa, ndikugwiritsira ntchito njira zabwino zogwirira ntchito zamakono."
- "Gwiritsani ntchito ndi oyang'anira kuti muwongolere bwino ntchito."