Kuvala Zifaniziro za Gulu
Pa October 31 chaka chilichonse, ana ang'onoang'ono (ndi ena osakhala "ang'ono" ana) amavala zovala ndi kupita khomo ndi khomo akupempherera alendo kuti asatenge maswiti. Ena mwa anthu awa, onse aang'ono ndi aatali adzakhala atavala zolemba za United States Military Uniform.
Kodi zimenezo ndizovomerezeka? Kodi mungavalitse Rambo wanu wamng'ono kuti awone ngati ofesi ya asilikali a United States? Bwanji za Rambo wanu wamkulu?
Malamulo a boma okhudza kuvala kwa yunifolomu ya nkhondo ya United States ndi anthu osagwira ntchito akufalitsidwa ku United States Code (USC).
Makamaka, 10 USC, Mutu A, Gawo II, Chaputala 45, Gawo 771 ndi 772.
Chigawo 771 chimati:
Pokhapokha ngati palibe lamulo loperekedwa, palibe munthu aliyense kupatulapo mmodzi wa asilikali, Navy, Air Force, kapena Marine Corps,
(1) yunifolomu, kapena mbali yosiyana ya yunifolomu, ya Army, Navy, Air Air, kapena Corps Corps; kapena
(2) yunifolomu mbali iliyonse yomwe ili yofanana ndi gawo lapadera la yunifolomu ya Army, Navy, Air Force, kapena Corps Corps
Chigawo 772 chimatchula zina zosiyana:
(a) Mmodzi wa asilikali a National Guard kapena Air National Guard akhoza kuvala yunifolomu yomwe yanena kwa Army National Guard kapena Air National Guard, monga momwe zilili.
(b) Mmodzi wa gulu la Naval Militia akhoza kuvala yunifolomu yomwe imaperekedwa kwa Naval Militia.
(c) Wopuma pantchito ya ankhondo, ankhondo, ankhondo, kapena a Marine Corps angakhale ndi mutu wake ndi kuvala yunifomu ya kalasi yake.
(d) Munthu amene amamasulidwa mwaulemu kapena pansi pa zida za asilikali, ankhondo, ankhondo, kapena a Marine Corps akhoza kuvala yunifomu yake pamene akuchoka kumalo osungira kunyumba kwake, patangopita miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene akumwa.
(e) Munthu yemwe sagwire ntchito yomwe adatumikira moyenera mu nthawi ya nkhondo mu ankhondo, ankhondo, ankhondo, kapena a Marine Corps angakhale ndi udindo, ndipo, atapatsidwa mphamvu ndi malamulo olamulidwa ndi Purezidenti, avala yunifolomu, maphunziro ake apamwamba pa nkhondoyo.
(f) Pamene akuwonetsa msilikali wa asilikali, Navy, Air Force, kapena Marine Corps, wojambula pachithunzi chojambula kapena choyendayenda akhoza kuvala yunifolomu ya gulu lankhondo ngati ziwonetsero sizikutanthauza kuti zida zankhondo.
(g) Wofesayo kapena wokhala m'nyumba ya azimayi omwe amachitidwa ndi a Bungwe la a Veterans Affairs akhoza kuvala yunifolomu ngati Mlembi wa dipatimenti ya usilikali angayankhe.
(h) Pomwe amapita ku sukulu ya usilikali yochitidwa ndi ankhondo, Navy, Air Force, kapena Marine Corps, msilikali akhoza kuvala yunifolomu imene asilikali ake adayika ngati kuvala kwa uniform kumalo ovomerezeka mwalamulo a dipatimenti ya usilikali.
(i) Malinga ndi malamulo monga Mlembi wa Air Force anganene, nzika ya dziko lachilendo omwe amaliza sukulu ya Air Force akhoza kuvala mabotolo oyenerera a Air Force.
(j) Munthu m'magulu awa onse akhoza kuvala yunifolomu yomwe imayikidwa pa gululi:
- (1) Mamembala a Boy Scouts a ku America.
- (2) Mamembala a bungwe lirilonse lokhazikitsidwa ndi Mlembi wa dipatimenti ya usilikali
Zikuwoneka, pamwamba, kuti lamulo ndi losavuta, molondola? Palibe mwazinthu zomwe tazitchulazi zomwe zimaphimba Halowini. Kapena, kodi iwo?
Gawo 772 (f) limalola kuti yunifolomu ikhale yowonongeka. Kodi Ndizochinyengo Kapena Zimagwira Ntchito "Zopangira Mafilimu?" Palibe amene amadziwa, chifukwa palibe khoti limene latchulapo izi. Khoti lapamwamba kwambiri lafika ndi Khoti Lalikulu, amene amagwiritsa ntchito kutanthauzira momveka bwino kwa "masitepe" mu SCHACHT v.
UNITED STATES, 398 US 58 (1970). Pankhaniyi, khotili linati:
Zomwe takambirana kale zikuoneka kuti zikuwonetseratu kuti 18 USC 702, kukhumudwitsa kuvala yunifolomu yathu ya nkhondo popanda ulamuliro, kuimirira nokha, lamulo lovomerezeka pamaso. Onani, mwachitsanzo, United States v. O'Brien, 391 US 367 (1968). Koma lamulo loletsa 18 USC 702 silingathe kukhala lokha pokhapokha pa USC 772, lomwe limaloleza kuti kuvala yunifolomu za nkhondo muzochitika zina ndi zochitika zina kuphatikizapo zochitika za wojambula akuwonetsa wogwira ntchito zankhondo "kuwonetsa maofesi. " 10 USC 772 (f). Zolinga za boma pankhaniyi zikuwoneka kuti zikutanthawuza kuti mwanjira ina zomwe amachitira masewerawa ku Houston sayenera kuchitidwa ngati "masewero opanga" mu matanthauzo 772 (f). Sitingathe kutsatira malingaliro amenewa. Zowonongeka sizinayambe nthawi zonse zochitika m'maofesi kapena ngakhale malo omwe amadziwika ngati malo ochiritsira. Sipakusowa kuti achite ndi akatswiri ochita masewera kapena kukhala ndi ndalama zochuluka kapena zopangidwa bwino. Kuyambira kale, machitidwe owonetsera kunja, omwe kawirikawiri amachitidwa ndi amateurs, athandiza kwambiri pa zosangalatsa ndi maphunziro a anthu a mdziko. Apa, zolembazo zikuwonetsa popanda kutsutsa kukonzekera ndi kubwereza zowonetsera ndi ochita masewera a masewera ochepa omwe apangidwa kuti apange omvera kuti amvetsetse ndi kutsutsa zomwe timachita mu nkhondo ya Vietnam. Supra, pa 60 ndi tsamba ili. Mwina ziwonetserozo zinali zopanda pake ndipo [398 US 58, 62] amakhala amateur ndipo mwina sagwirizana, koma chinthu chomwecho chingatchulidwe pa masewero ambiri owonetsera. Sitikukhulupirira kuti pamene Congress inalemba zapadera pa zochitika zapamwamba zomwe zinkafuna kuteteza gulu lochepa komanso lochepa la masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zoonadi, sitiyenera kusankha pano mafunso onse okhudza zomwe zilipo ndi 772 (f). Timafunikira kupeza, monga tikuyikira momveka bwino, kuti msewu wopita kumsika umene Schacht adagwira nawo unali "mawonetsero" mkati mwa tanthauzo la gawolo.
Mwa njira, pakupanga chisankho ichi, Khoti Lalikululo linakantha mawuwo, "ngati kuwonetsera sikukunyengerera kuti gulu lankhondo," kuchokera ku lamulo losagwirizana ndi malamulo. Khotilo linati:
Izi zikutifikitsa ku zodandaula za wopemphapempha kuti kupereka mphamvu ndi zotsatira ku gawo lomalizira la 772 (f) lingapangitse kusagwirizana ndi malamulo kumbali yake yolankhulana momasuka. Tikuvomereza. Chigamulochi pa nkhope yake chimangoletsa 772 (f) chilolezo cha zowonetseratu zosaonekazi zomwe "sizikunyalanyaza" asilikali, koma, pamene lamuloli liwerengedwa pamodzi ndi 18 USC 702, zikuonekeratu kuti Congress ikugwira ntchito adachita chiwembu kuti wochita maseŵera avala yunifolomu ya nkhondo kuti azinena zinthu panthawi yomwe akugwira ntchito yotsutsa khalidwe kapena [398 US 58, 63] ndondomeko za ankhondo. Wochita masewero, monga aliyense m'dziko lathu, amasangalala ndi ufulu woyankhula mwachilungamo, kuphatikizapo ufulu wotsutsa boma panthawi yovuta kwambiri. Gawo lomalizira la 772 (f) likukana ufulu wa malamulowa kwa wochita maseŵera amene akuvala yunifolomu ya asilikali pomupanga mlandu kuti azinena zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa asilikali kuti azinyoze ndi kusokoneza. Pankhaniyi, Schacht anali ndi ufulu wochita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma pansi pa ndime 772 (f) akanatha kuweruzidwa ndi mlandu wa federal ngati kuwonetsera kwake kunayambitsa nkhondo m'malo mwa kuyamika. Malinga ndi zomwe tinazipeza kale kuti chidziwitso chomwe Schacht adagwira nawo chinali "chiwonetsero" m'lingaliro la 772 (f), zikutanthauza kuti kukhudzidwa kwake kungatheke pokhapokha ngati atatha kulangidwa chifukwa chotsutsana ndi udindo wathu Asilikali ndi dziko lathu ku Vietnam. Mwachiwonekere chilango pa chifukwa ichi chidzakhala chosagwirizana ndi chikhazikitso cha ufulu wa kulankhula. Gawo lomalizira la 772 (f), limene likusiya Achimereka kumasula nkhondo ku Vietnam koma angatumize anthu ngati Schacht kundende chifukwa chotsutsa, sangathe kukhala m'dziko lomwe lili ndi Choyamba Chimake. 772 (f) chigamulo chomaliza chiyenera kugonjetsedwa kuchokera ku gawoli.
Choncho, m'bwalo lamilandu la Supreme Court, khotili linatanthauzira kuti "malo owonetsera masewerawa" mwaulere, ndipo adawonetsa kuti sikunatsutsana ndi chikhazikitso choletsedwa kuti chiwonetserocho sichifuna kutaya asilikali.
Tsono, ndilololedwa kuti mwana wanu azivala ngati mkulu wa asilikali ku Halloween? Osadziwika ndithu, koma mwinamwake osati.
Kusiyanitsa ndi luso lamakhalidwe ndilo kapena ayi. Ngati mwana wanu atavala yunifolomu, kodi izi zingabweretse kumangidwa ndi kutsutsa? Pafupifupi ndithu ayi. Pansi pa kayendedwe kalamulo, aphungu a chigawo amapatsidwa chidziwitso chokwanira cha zomwe malamulo amachitira kuti azitsutsa komanso zomwe sizikunyalanyaza.
Sodomy ikuletsedwabe m'maiko ambiri. Koma, pokhapokha ngati pali zochitika zapadera, mudzakhala wovuta kuti mupeze DA yemwe angatsutse izi.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, tinali ndi tsitsi lalitali-lachipiya lomwe timakhalamo, lomwe chizoloŵezi chawo chinali (mofuula) kutsutsa asilikali. Nthawi iliyonse mukamamuwona, pa ntchito iliyonse, kapena chochitika (kapena kungoyenda chabe), amatsutsa chiphunzitso chotsutsa nkhondo kwa aliyense yemwe anali wopusa mokwanira kuti amvetsere mokwanira kuti amvetsere. Pamene izi zinali mu tawuni komwe anthu ambiri anali kugwira ntchito kapena asilikali apuma pantchito, mungaganize kuti sankawakonda kwambiri m'deralo.
Kenaka tsiku lina, adayamba kuvala Jacket Field Jacket yomwe adaipeza kuchokera ku sitolo yosungira asilikali. Chovalacho chinali ndi zokongoletsera zonse, kuphatikizapo tepi ya "US Army", majiketi a unit, "Ranger Tab," ndi Staff Sergeant. Mwachiwonekere, izi sizinayende bwino ndi anthu angapo ammudzi.
Tidakumananso ndi dipatimenti ya apolisi, ndipo tinapitilira mpaka kusindikiza 10 USC, Gawo 771 ndi 772 kwa iwo. Apolisi adakambirana ndi woweruza milandu, ndipo adatiuza kuti ofesi ya DA inalibe chidwi chotsutsa milanduyo. Chifukwa chake, dipatimenti ya apolisi inalibe chidwi kwenikweni ndi kumanga munthuyo, kapena kumuyesa mlandu.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, ndinali kugwira ntchito pa kampani ya intaneti ya Computers (CompuServe), monga gawo la macheza awo a pa Intaneti. Tinkakhala ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kawirikawiri kumeneko ndipo anati iye anali woyang'anira oyendetsa gombe la O-6. Munthu uyu anali atavomerezeka pa Zochitika Zambiri za Macheza, kuvala yunifolomu ya Navy Officer. Ine ndinakumana naye iye (kawiri), ndipo ndinalibe chifukwa chokayikira iye. Anali ndi chidziwitso chachikulu cha Navy, ndipo adayankhula zolembazo mwangwiro.
Tangoganizani kudabwa kwanga pamene ndinadziwa kuti munthu uyu sanali mu Navy - inde, anali nzika ya Canada (ku United States mosavomerezeka), ndipo sanatumikire ku United States Military. Pamene anagwidwa (povala yunifolomu, pazowonjezereka), adatsutsidwa (ndipo anapatsidwa ndende) chifukwa cha kuphwanya 10 USC 771.
Poyambirira, wosuma mlanduyo sanafunefune mlandu woweruza milandu. Pachiwiri chachiwiri, wosuma mlanduyu anali wokondwa kwambiri kutengera mulanduwo mpaka pamtundu wonse wa lamulo.
Koma, bwanji za misonkhano ya usilikali? Kodi amasamala ngati anthu wamba amavala yunifolomu kapena mbali za yunifolomu, ndipo angakhale okonzeka kutsutsa DA kuti azitsutsa? Zikuwoneka choncho. Zina mwazinthu zakhala zikupita kuti zikhale ndi zoletsedwa mu kavalidwe kawo ndi maonekedwe awo (omwe sagwiritsidwe ntchito motsutsana ndi anthu, koma amayamba kusonyeza malingaliro a msonkhano pa nkhaniyi).
Ulamuliro wa asilikali 670-1, ndime 1-4 imati:
d. Mogwirizana ndi chaputala 45, gawo la 771, mutu 10, United States Code (10 USC 771), palibe munthu kupatula mmodzi wa asilikali a US akhoza kuvala yunifolomu, kapena gawo lapadera la yunifolomu ya nkhondo ya US pokhapokha atavomerezedwa malamulo. Kuphatikizanso apo, palibe munthu kupatula mmodzi wa gulu la US Army angakhoze kuvala yunifolomu, mbali iliyonse yomwe ili yofanana ndi gawo lapadera la yunifolomu ya US Army. Izi zikuphatikizapo yunifolomu yodabwitsa ndi zinthu zofanana zomwe zili mu ndime 1-12 za lamuloli. Ndime 1-12 ikupitiriza kufotokozera "Yunifolomu yosiyana ndi zinthu zofanana:"
a. Zinthu zowunifolomu zotsatirazi ndizosiyana ndipo sizidzagulitsidwa kapena zovala ndi antchito osaloledwa:
- (1) Zida zonse za nkhondo, zodzala ndi zizindikiro.
- (2) Zikwangwani ndi ma tebulo (chizindikiritso, chidziwitso, kupambana, ndi luso lapadera).
- (3) Mabatani osiyana (US Army kapena Corps of Engineers).
- (4) Zokongoletsera, ndondomeko za utumiki, mapulogalamu a ntchito ndi maphunziro, ndi zina mphoto ndi zofunikira zawo.
- (5) Chidziwitso cha mtundu kapena mtundu umene Army watenga.
Izi zikusonyeza kuti Asilikali sakanakhala okondwa ngati ataphunzira kuti munthu wamba akuvala chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa.
Kotero, kodi mwana wanu (wamkulu kapena wamng'ono) adzamangidwa ndi kutumizidwa ku ndende chifukwa chovala yunifomu ya asilikali pa Halloween? Khalani kutali ndi zinthu "zosiyana" monga zizindikiro, beji, ndi ma tepi, ndipo ndikugulitsani matumba atatu a maswiti a Halloween omwe akutsalira kuti yankho likhale "ayi."