Zithunzi Zogonana Zomwe Zimapangitsidwa ndi Gallup ndi Harvard Business Review
Malinga ndi Gallup, kampani yofufuza kafukufuku ku America, mmodzi mwa antchito atatu ku United States ali ndi abambo aakazi ndi antchito omwe pakali pano ali ndi abambo aakazi akuti angakonde kugwira ntchito kwa mkazi wina mtsogolomu. Komabe, ambiri mwa ogwira ntchito, pamene a Gallup adasankhidwa kuyambira 1953, akhala akunena nthawi zonse kuti angapange ntchito kwa mwamuna kusiyana ndi mkazi. (1)
"Chifukwa chiyani" ndi funso lomwe liyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi subjectively, koma ndi maganizo otseguka.
Kodi Amuna Amapanga Mabwana Oposa Mabambo?
Limenelo ndi funso lolemedwa ndipo lidzakhala ndi yankho losiyana kwa munthu aliyense amene mumamufunsa. Tiyeni tiwone zowerengera kuti tiyankhe funso losiyana ndi losavuta kuyankha: kodi amai akugwira bwino ntchito? (Yankho lalifupi: inde.)
Azimayi apamtima a Gallup Poll apititsa patsogolo mamuna wamwamuna pamene chiwerengero cha amai ndi chiwerengero chokha chomwe chimayerekezera momwe adakhalira ndi antchito awo (mwachitsanzo, zaka, zaka zambiri, mafakitale, mtundu, ndi zina, sizinayanjane). Njira khumi ndi ziwiri zogwiritsira ntchito zinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo amayi adatulutsa amuna khumi ndi anayi.
Malinga ndi alemba a Kimberly Fitch ndi a Sangeeta Agrawal omwe adafotokoza mwachidule zotsatira zake pa http://www.gallup.com:
"Atsogoleri amayenera kudziwanso kuti maofesimayi azimayi amakonda kukhala okhudzidwa kuposa abambo a amuna. Gallup akupeza kuti 41% ya azimayi omwe ali ndi maofesiwa akugwira ntchito, poyerekeza ndi mamembala a amuna makumi atatu (35%). Ndipotu, oyang'anira akazi a mbadwo uliwonse wogwira ntchito amagwirizana kwambiri kuposa amuna awo, mosasamala kanthu kuti ali ndi ana m'nyumba zawo. Zotsatirazi zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito. Ngati maofesi aakazi, pafupipafupi, ali okhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa abambo aamuna, ndizomveka kuti iwo angapereke zowonjezera pazochita zamakono komanso zam'tsogolo. " (2)
Nkhani yonena za Forbes (April 16, 2015) ikutanthauzira deta mu njira yowonjezera ya amayi:
"Mogwirizana ndi zomwe Gallup adanena, azimayi okwana 41% akugwira ntchito, poyerekeza ndi mamembala a amuna makumi atatu (35%). Ngakhale ndikudziwa kuti pali zokayikitsa pazinthu zoyendetsera ntchito zokhudzana ndi tanthauzo lenileni ndi "mtengo wogwira ntchito," ndikukhulupirira kuti ndiyeso yeniyeni monga kudzipereka kwa bungwe, ndi njira yabwino yowunikira zolimbikitsa komanso potsirizira pake. Muyeso wangwiro? Ayi. Koma wololera? Inde. " (3)
Kodi Chigwirizano ndi chiyani?
Momwe abambo amachitira ntchito antchito awo akhoza kukhala osiyana, komabe kugwirizana kumatanthawuza momwe mtsogoleri amayendera bwino:
- Amadziwa komanso amapereka ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito chifukwa cha ntchito zawo;
- Amalola antchito kupeza mwayi wophunzira luso latsopano ndi kupita patsogolo;
- Kuchita bwino kwa kulankhulana pakati pa oyang'anira, antchito, ndi zolinga za bungwe;
- Akuluakulu a antchito olemekezeka ali ndi abwana awo ndi digiri ya ulemu abwana ali ndi antchito awo;
- Zimapanga mpata wolankhulana - woyang'anira bwino amalimbikitsa ndikupenda ndemanga ndi malingaliro ochokera kwa antchito.
Kodi Gender Imasewera Udindo Wogwira Ntchito Wogwira Ntchito?
Ngakhale kuti deta ya Gallup imatanthawuza momveka bwino kuti amai amapanga mamembala akuluakulu (pokhapokha mwazochita) pali ziwerengero zina zochititsa chidwi zomwe zimasonyeza momwe abambo angagwire ntchito mwa omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyo:
- 35% mgwirizano pamene abwana ndi ogwira ntchito onse ali akazi;
- 31% pokhapokha ngati oyang'anira ali amuna ndipo antchito ndi akazi;
- 29% mgwirizano pamene abwana ali akazi ndipo antchito ndi amuna;
- 25% mgwirizano pamene azimayi onse ndi antchito ali amuna.
Ndizosangalatsa kuzindikira kuti gawo lalikulu kwambiri lachitetezo linagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhala akazi kwa abambo ndi ogwira ntchito ndipo gawo lochepa kwambiri lazochita ndi pamene abwana onse ndi oyang'anira onsewa anali amuna.
Komabe, monga momwe ziliri ndi maphunziro onse, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mgwirizano si chinthu chimodzimodzi monga causation. Pofuna kuyankhula mawu, amayi akhoza kukhala ovomerezeka kwambiri kuposa anzawo anzawo, koma chifukwa chakuti ndi akazi okhaokha?
Poyankha funsoli, nkhani yomwe ikupezeka ku Harvard Business Review (HBR) ikufotokozera mwachidule mphamvu za amayi popanda Gallup. HBR inafotokozera atsogoleri 7,280 a mabungwe ena opambana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuchokera kuzipinda zapadera ndi zapagulu komanso boma, malonda, ndi mabungwe onse apanyumba ndi apadziko lonse.
Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti maudindo omwe amawathandiza kuti akhale akazi (monga kukulitsa komanso kukulitsa maubwenzi awo) anali ndi ubwino wokhudzana ndi amayi kukhala apamwamba kuposa amuna, koma zotsatira zake sizinali zokopa:
... "ubwino wa amayi sizinatchulidwe konse mwa mphamvu za amayi. Ndipotu pamlingo uliwonse, amayi ambiri anavoteredwa ndi anzawo, mabwana awo, malipoti awo enieni, ndi mabwenzi awo ena monga atsogoleri abwino kuposa abambo awo - ndipo apamwamba, mlingo umenewo umakula ... " (4)
Pazinthu zonse zoyang'anira maudindo amayi adalimbikitsa amuna mu luso la utsogoleri ndi luso - ngakhale kutsutsa malingaliro ena akale omwe amatsutsana ndi makhalidwe omwe amawunikira amuna kukhala apamwamba kuposa akazi mu bizinesi:
"Zikhalidwe ziwiri zomwe akazi adalimbikitsa amuna kwambiri - kuyesetsa ndi kuyendetsa zotsatira - akhala akuganiziridwa ngati mphamvu za amuna. Zomwe zinachitika, amuna adalimbikitsa akazi makamaka pa kayendetsedwe kamodzi kokha kafukufuku - kukwanitsa kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino ... " (4)
Olembawo anali ndi lingaliro loti chifukwa chiani amayi amadziwika bwino kwambiri kuposa amuna koma komabe amakhalabe ndi zofunikira zambiri pakati pa makampani - makamaka m'mwamba, maudindo akuluakulu: kusankhana mwachangu.
Mwinamwake njira yabwino yomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito pamene mukulimbikitsana ndi kungonyalanyaza zenizeni. Amuna ndi abambo onse akhoza kukhala mameneja akulu - kapena angathe kukhala ameneli olemekezeka. Ndizo zomwe timaganiza za amuna okhaokha omwe amatisokoneza kwambiri, osati athu omwe.
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Zotsatira :
- Chifukwa Chimene Akazi Ndi Otsogolera Opambana Oposa Anthu (Chifukwa Chake Akazi Ndi Otsogolera Oposa Amuna) Ndi: Fitch, Kimblery ndi Agrawal, Sangeeta. http://news.gallup.com/businessjournal/178541/why-women-better-managers-men.aspx
- Anthu Ambiri Ambiri Akukondera Boma. Ndi: Wolfe, Lahle. http://womeninbusiness.about.com/od/womeninbusinessnew1/fl/More-People-State-They-Would-Prefer-Working-for-a-ale-Boss.htm
- Kodi Akazi Ndiwodi, Monga Ofufuza Akulu Ambiri Amati, Otsogolera Oposa Amuna? (Forbes) Ndi: Lipmna, Victor. http://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2015/04/16/are-women-really-as-this-major-research-says-better-managers-than-men/
- Kodi Atsogoleri Akazi Ndi Amwino Kupambana Amuna? (Harvard Business Review) Ndi: Zenger, Jack ndi Folkman, Joseph. https://hbr.org/2012/03/a-study-in-leadership-women-do