Kuwona zoona ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zomwe zatchulidwa kale m'makampaniyi kuti anthu ambiri omwe sali kunja kwa wailesi sakudziwa zambiri. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe wofufuza-weniweni amachita ndikutengera nkhani mwatsatanetsatane kutsimikizira zonse zomwe zili mkati mwake.
Izi zikutanthauza kutsimikizira chirichonse kuchokera m'badwo wa phunziro kupita ku zomwe iwo adanena.
Momwe Makhalidwe Owona Amatsimikizira Kuti Ndi Oyenera
Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti nkhaniyi ndi yolondola, wofufuza ayenera kudalira luso lirilonse: kufufuza payekha, komanso, maluso a kulengeza . Ngati wolemba nkhani amapereka chitsimikiziro m'nkhani - Mwachitsanzo, Christopher Columbus anabwera ku America mu 1492 - wofufuza weniweni ayenera kutsimikiza kuti izi ndi zoona.
Kuti achite zimenezi iwo ayenera kufufuza zenizeni, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, ayitanani kuti atsimikizire mfundozo. (Ngati chowonadi chiridi, chiti, kutsimikizira mutu wa munthu yemwe watchulidwa m'nkhaniyo, sakanati ndi Google yekha mutuwo. M'malo mwake, iwo angamuyitane munthuyo, kapena kampani imene munthuyo amamugwirira, kuti adziwe.)
Chinthu china chachikulu chowona-chowonadi ndikulankhula ndi magwero. Wofufuza weniweni ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti chirichonse chomwe mtolankhani wina akunena kuti winawake anali, makamaka, anati. Izi zikutanthauza kuyitana magwero omwe atchulidwa mu chidutswa kapena kufotokozera ndikuwongolera mawu awo.
Kumene Mphunzitsi wa Fact Checker amalowa
Ngati ntchito yowunika imakhala yosavuta, si. Pali kwenikweni luso labwino, makamaka polankhula ndi magwero. Kuwonjezera pakufuna luso labwino lofufuzira - ndi kukhala ndi chidziwitso chodziwa nthawi yomwe yatsimikiziridwa - wofufuza weniweni amayenera kutsimikizira mfundo ndi gwero popanda kuthirira, kapena kusintha, nkhaniyo yokha.
Izi zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.
Chifukwa chakuti ntchito ya mtolankhani kawirikawiri ndiyofuna kupeza wina woti anene chinachake chomwe sangafune kunena, wofufuza weniweni ayenera kusamala ndi magwero asinthe maganizo awo pambuyo pa zomwezo. Kawirikawiri, pamene mupereka mwayi woti abwererenso zomwe adanena, iwo angakonde kuti iwo adanena zinthu mosiyana ndikuyesera kusintha ndemanga yawo yoyambirira. Wofufuza weniweni akufuna kuonetsetsa kuti izi sizichitika koma komabe zitsimikizirani kuti ndondomeko yake ndi yolondola.
Kuti tifotokoze zojambula zowonongeka, chitsanzo chingathandize. Tiyerekeze kuti mukuwona nkhani yokhudza kupha, mwamuna akupha mkazi wake, mumzinda wamatawuni wamtendere. Nkhaniyi ili ndi ndondomeko yochokera kwa oyandikana nawo omwe akupita motere: "Nthawi zonse ndimaganiza kuti Rob anali mtedza." Tsopano ndi mawu amphamvu kwambiri. Pamene mukuwona-kuyang'ana ndondomekoyi ndi mnzako, muyenera kusamala kuti musamupatse mwayi woti asinthe zomwe wanena.
Mukuchita bwanji izi? Zingakhale zovuta. Kawirikawiri anthu amanena kuti zowonongeka siziyenera kuwerenga mndandanda wawo ndemanga. (Pambuyo pa zonse, ngati mumauza mnansi wanu kuti: "Kodi mumati, 'Nthawi zonse ndimaganiza kuti Rob anali mtedza'?" Mnzako angayankhe bwino kuti sakuganiza kuti Rob ndi mtedza.
Iye amaganiza kuti Rob akhoza kumangirira, mwinamwake, koma osati mtedza.) Kufufuza kwenikweni kumayenera kupanga foni iyi. Kawirikawiri chofufuzira chofunikira chiyenera kuyendayenda ndi gwero ndi zokambirana zambiri zingapangitse kusiyanitsa pakati pa zomwe magwero akuganiza tsopano ndi chomwe chitsimikizo chinanenedwa ndiye.
Ofalitsa Ofunikabe Akufunikanso Kuyang'ana Zowona
Yankho lofulumira la funsoli ndilo, inde. Zofufuza zenizeni sizipezeka kuti olemba nkhani azikhala aulesi. Iwo amakhala ngati mzere wachiwiri wa chitetezo kuti zitsimikizire kuti zolakwitsa sizichita. Pamalo ovomerezeka alamulo amakhalansopo kotero kuti, ngati wina atakwiya ndi kumuopseza kuti akangane pa nkhani inayake, kabuku kakhala ndi anthu ambiri omwe angatsimikizire kuti zoona zake ndi zoona.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati chitsimikizo chimanena kuti iwo amatsutsidwa papepala ndipo amawopseza kuti angamvekere, ndibwino kukhala ndi mtolankhani (yemwe akuyembekeza kuti ali ndi ndemanga yolembedwa) kuti atsimikizire kuti adanenedwa komanso wofufuza weniweni amene anganene kuti inatsimikiziranso izo.
Zolakwa Zilipobebe Ngakhale Ngakhale Zofufuza Zoona
Zofufuza zenizeni sizipezeka pamtundu uliwonse wa wailesi. Ngakhale magazini ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma checkers, nyuzipepala, ndi ofalitsa mabuku samatero. Atolankhani omwe amagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ayenera kuwona ntchito yawo ndikudalira mkonzi wawo, mwachiyembekezo, kuti agwire zolakwika.
Izi siziri choncho, nthawi zonse zimachitika. Ofalitsa a mabuku alibe madipatimenti ofufuzira ndipo amadalira olemba kuti afotokoze zochitika zenizeni za ntchito zawo. Ngakhale kuti nyuzipepala ndi ofalitsa mabuku akuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri zachinyengo, samagwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo kapena amapereka nthawi yowonjezerapo, zimangotengera zomwe zimafalitsa.
Zofufuza Zoona Zowonongeka
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikuluzikulu zowonetsa kuti olemba mabuku samangoyang'ana zomwe zinachitika ndi James Frey ndi mankhwala ake osokoneza bongo, A Million Little Pieces . Chikumbutso chiri, mwa tanthawuzo, chowonadi: Ndi nkhani yopanda mbiri ya nkhani ya moyo wa winawake.
Pamene chiganizochi chikutsimikizira kuti mfundozo zimadziwika ndi kukumbukira, ntchitoyo isasinthe kwambiri kapena kusintha kayendedwe ka nthawi kapena zochitika pamoyo wa munthu. Lofalitsidwa mu 2003, bukuli linali lovuta kwambiri kwa wofalitsa Doubleday (cholembedwa cha Random House) ndipo kwenikweni anachotsa atasankhidwa ku kampani ya Oprah.
Kenako, mu 2006, webusaitiyi ya thesmokinggun.com inatulutsa lipoti lakuti Frey anapanga nkhani zazikulu zowonjezereka, akukweza mbiri yake yachinyengo ndi zolakwika zomwe adazizira pazaka zake monga chidakwa. Nkhaniyo inangomveka ndipo inasiya ambiri muwailesi akufunsa kuti n'chifukwa chiyani olemba mabuku samangoyang'ana mabuku awo. Nkhani ngati izi mu Wall Street Journal zinafika poyankha funso lomwelo.
Zowopsya zina zomwe zadutsa, zomwe zimakhudza zowona mozama mwatsatanetsatane, onetsani ndi olemba nkhani kupanga zopezeka. Mwamantha Stephen Glass ku The New Republic ndi Jayson Blair ku The New York Times ali olemba mbiri omwe onsewa anali pakati pa zoopsa zomwe amapanga magwero ndi ndemanga.
Chochititsa chidwi, mu nyengo iyi ya HBO ikuwonetseratu The Wire - pulogalamuyi imayikidwa ku Baltimore ndipo cholinga cha nyengo ino ndi wailesi - chinthu chomwecho chikuwonetsedwa. (Chiwonetserocho chimaphatikizapo chiwembu chomwe wolemba nkhani akuyamba kupanga zolemba kuti apeze nkhani zabwino.)