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Ntchito yowonjezereka yopanga makina opanga zamakono inayamba pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, ndipo yakhala ikuchepa pang'onopang'ono kuyambira. Ngakhale kuti " nyengo ya bomba " ya kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, inagonjetsedwa bwino, kutsika kwachuma kumeneku kunayamba mu December 2007 ndipo kunatha mu June 2009 kunalibe pang'onopang'ono.
Zomwe zimakhala zochititsa chidwi ndi kuyang'ana zapitazo, komabe, kuphunzira za umoyo wamtsogolo wa mafakitale amenewa ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amaganizira ntchito zamakono.
Pali uthenga wabwino kwambiri kutsogolo ngati muli pakati pawo, kapena ngati mutagwira kale ntchitoyi. Bungwe la US Labor Statistics linaneneratu kuti lidapitirirabe kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito yowonjezera ntchito kwa teknoloji zaka zingapo zotsatira.
Chifukwa cha kukula kumeneku kukusintha matekinoloje ndi mabungwe omwe amasintha. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kwa kusintha kwa mtambo wa pakompyuta ndi kuphulika kwachinsinsi kudzachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito, ndipo kuwonjezereka kwa matekinoloje ena kuphatikizapo chithandizo chaumoyo IT, mafoni apakompyuta, ndi kasamalidwe ka deta kudzathandizanso kuti mukhale ndi chiyembekezo cholimba pa gawo la zamakono.
Mfundo Zenizeni Zokhudza IT Industry
- Kuyambira mu 2014, panali anthu 3.9 miliyoni ogwira ntchito ku IT. Izi zinaphatikizapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makina a makompyuta ndi malonda othandizira othandizira - zomwe timakonda kutchula monga makampani a IT - komanso anthu omwe amagwira ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito zamakono muzinthu zina.
- Ntchito ya anthu ogwira ntchito ku IT ikuyembekezeka kukula 12 peresenti kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2024. Ntchito 488,500 zidzawonjezedwa panthawiyi.
- Mwachikhalidwe, pakhala pali kusiyana kosiyana mu gawo lino. Akazi ndi anthu ochepa amadziwika bwino. Kuchuluka kwa azungu, Asiya, ndi amuna amagwira ntchito mu malonda awa, ngakhale kuti ndi ochepa chabe a ku America, Latinos, ndi akazi, poyerekeza ndi mafakitale ena ("Diversity in High Tech," US Equal Opportunity Commission).
- Makampani omwe ali ndi makampani a IT ndi mabungwe omwe amapereka mapulogalamu a makompyuta, makonzedwe a makompyuta, kayendedwe ka makompyuta, ndi zina zothandizira ma kompyuta. Ntchito IT ingapezeke kunja kwa mafakitalewa. Makampani omwe amapanga ogwira ntchito za chitukuko ndi mauthenga, maphunziro, maphunziro ndi othandizira, mauthenga wothandizira, boma, ndalama ndi inshuwalansi, kusindikiza mapulogalamu, ndi kayendetsedwe ka makampani ndi makampani.
- Ngakhale pali ntchito zamakono zamakono padziko lonse lapansi, mwayi wochulukirapo uli pakati pazinthu zina. Mzinda wapamwamba kwambiri wa US kuti upangire ntchito ndipamwamba ndi Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina. Malo ena omwe mungaganizire kusamukira kuti mupeze mwayi wopeza ntchito ndi Nashville, Tennessee; Austin, Texas; ndi Fort Collins, Colorado.
Zojambula Zamagetsi
Ngati mukufuna kulowa nawo makampani a IT, muli ndi zosankha zambiri.
Tiyeni tiyambe kuwona makompyuta ndi ntchito zamakono zamakono. Ngakhale anthu ambiri m'mabungwewa akugwira ntchito mu IT, ambiri amagwira ntchito m'madera ena. Chomwe chimapangitsa ntchitoyi kukhala yosangalatsa, kuwonjezera pa ntchito yawo yabwino, ndizopindulitsa. Olemba ntchito apeza ndalama zokwana $ 82,860 mu May 2016. Yerekezerani izi ndi malipiro apakatikati a $ 37,040 pa ntchito zonse.
Ntchito za kompyuta ndi IT ndizo ntchito zamakono zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchita zinthu monga kugwiritsira ntchito luso lamakono, kupanga mapulogalamu a makompyuta, kulemba, ndikupanga mapulogalamu ndi mawebusaiti.
Ntchito zisanu ndi zinayi m'munsiyi zili ndi malingaliro abwino.
- Scientist ndi Kafukufuku Wowonjezera
- Wokonza Mapulogalamu a Ma kompyuta
- Wothandizira Pakompyuta
- Wosintha kachitidwe ka kompyuta
- Mtsogoleri wa Database
- Wosungira Zosungira Zambiri
- Wolamulira wa Network ndi Computer Systems
- Wolemba Mapulogalamu
- Woyambitsa Webusaiti
Bungwe la US Labor Statistics linaneneratu kuti kukula kwa ntchito kungakhale mofulumira kuposa, kapena mofulumira kuposa, kawirikawiri pa ntchito zonse pa nthawi yomwe inayamba mu 2014 ndipo idzatha mu 2024. Palibe chifukwa chomwe sitiyenera kuyembekezera kuti Pitirizanibe kutsogolo pamene teknoloji ikupitiriza kusintha ndipo akatswiri omwe amadziwa kupanga ndi kuyigwiritsa ntchito amafunikira. Zomwe zikusoweka pazinthuzi ndizo pulogalamu ya makompyuta, ntchito imene idzawonongeke pa 8% peresenti ya 2024.
Odziwa zapamwamba akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafakitale onse omwe mungaganize, koma, n'zosadabwitsa kuti amaimirira bwino mu makampani opanga zamakono. Iwo amapanga 56 peresenti ya antchito onse mu malonda amenewo, ngakhale.
Nanga bwanji 44 peresenti? Awo ndiwo mameneja, owerengera , ogwira ntchito, oyang'anira malonda , ogulitsa ogulitsa makasitomala , ndi antchito ena omwe malonda amayenera kugwira ntchito.
Ngati mulibe ntchito yamakono, n'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuganizira ntchito mu IT? Kupanga chisankho ichi kudzakuthandizani kuti muzisangalala ndi madalitso omwe amabwera ndi kupambana kwake. Ogwira ntchito osakhala ndi chitukuko, monga awo omwe ntchito yawo imaphatikizapo makompyuta, amakhalanso ndi ntchito zambiri komanso kulipira.
Ogwiritsira Ntchito Top Tech
Ngati mukufuna ntchito mumakampani opanga zamakono, bwanji osayang'ana malo okwera? Mukhoza kukhala ndi mwayi wabwino wopeza ntchito ndi kampani yaing'ono, koma cholinga chanu chachikulu chingakhale ntchito ndi mmodzi wa ochita masewera akuluakulu. Nawa ena mwa iwo.
Choyamba ganizirani makampani omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri. Awa ndiwo makampani opambana kwambiri mu Fortune 500:
- apulosi
- Company Hewlett-Packard
- IBM
- Amazon
- Microsoft
("The Top Technology Companies of the Fortune 500." Fortune .
2015)
Kenaka, pali mndandanda wa makampani opanga chitukuko chofulumira kwambiri - chifukwa ngati mutakhala ndi ntchito mumalonda ofulumira monga IT, bwanji osayesa ntchito ndi kampani yomwe ili ndi tsogolo losangalatsa kwambiri? Makampani opanga chithandizo chofulumira kwambiri, malinga ndi Forbes, ndi awa:
- apulosi
- Qlik Technologies
- athenahealth
- Equinix
- Ebix
("Fast Tech 25." Forbes 2017)
Masiku a ogwira ntchito zamagetsi amatha nthawi yaitali. Kukhala ndi abwana amene amachitira bwino antchito awo kungapangitse nthawiyi kukhala yosangalatsa. Malinga ndi ndemanga za ogwira ntchito, awa ndiwo makampani abwino kwambiri ogwira ntchito:
- World Wide Technology
- Makampani Apamwamba
- Adobe
("25 Best Tech Companies Akugwira Ntchito Mu 2016, Malinga ndi Ogwira ntchito." Business Insider December 6, 2016)
Mmene Mungadziwire Ngati Ntchito Yopangidwe Zamakono Ndi Yoyenera Kwa Inu
Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi luso la zamakono zamakono, zosankha zanu ndizo zambiri: mukhoza kutsata ntchito ya IT mu makampani a IT, ntchito ya IT mu malonda ena, kapena ntchito yosagwira ntchito pa IT. Pamafunika kukhala pano kwa inu, mosasamala kanthu za ntchito yabwino kwambiri malinga ndi maluso anu, zofuna zanu, ndi makhalidwe ena ena.
Kodi pali zosayenera? Ngati ntchito yongopeka 9 mpaka 5 ndi yomwe mumatsatira, muyenera kuganizira ntchito yosiyana. Ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito maola ambiri. Pafupifupi 20 mpaka 25 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito pantchitoyi alembedwa maola oposa 40 pa sabata. Ndipo malingana ndi ntchito yanu yeniyeni, mungafunikire kuthera nthawi pokhapokha ngati mwadzidzidzi mungadzadziwe katswiri wanu okha.
Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro
Momwe mumakonzekera ntchito ya IT imathandiza kwambiri kuti mupambane. Monga ndi ntchito iliyonse, muyenera kupeza luso lomwe lingakuthandizeni kuchita ntchito yanu. Pa ntchito zambiri, izi zikutanthawuza kulandira digiri ya bachelor. Muyenera kupita ku pulogalamu yamakono yowunivesite .
Mu gawo losinthika monga chonchi, nthawi zonse mudzafunika kukonzanso luso lanu. Ndi maola ambiri ogwira ntchito, mwina simungakhale ndi nthawi yochitira izi. Kuphunzira maphunziro pa intaneti kungakuthandizeni kusunga luso lanu.
Zopereka ndizofunika kwambiri mu makampani a IT. Zimatumikira ngati umboni kwa olemba ntchito kuti ndinu oyenerera kuchita ntchito inayake. Kawirikawiri, maubwenzi ogwira ntchito ndi makampani a mapulogalamu amatha kuyang'anira ndondomeko yobvomerezeka, zomwe zimafuna kuti otsogolera apite kukayezetsa atatha kuphunzira luso, kompyuta, kapena pulogalamu ya pulogalamu. Kukhala ndi zifukwa zolondola kungakupangitseni kukhala mpikisano wochuluka ngati wofufuza ntchito kapena monga katswiri wodziyesera kupititsa patsogolo kuntchito yabwino komanso yodalirika.
Kodi mungapeze maumboni ati? Nthawi ndi ndalama zimakukakamizani kuti muchepetse zomwe mungasankhe. Ndi bwino kutsatira omwe angakupangitse kuti mupikisane kwambiri ndi matekinoloje otentha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kupanga ntchito yanu mudeta yaikulu , mukhoza kutsata izi:
- Cloudera Certified Administrator kwa Apache Hadoop (CCAH)
- Cloudera Certified Professional: Data Scientist (CCP: DS)
- Cloudera Certified Professional Data Engineer
Ndi Maluso Otani Amene Mukufunikira?
Monga katswiri wa IT, mungafunikire kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha zithukuko, zolinga zamakono, ndi machitidwe opangira. N'zosatheka kudziwa chirichonse, koma malo abwino kuyamba ndi maluso apamwamba kwambiri monga Unix Operating System, Linux Operating System, ndi Java Programming Language.
Kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinenero kungakuthandizeni kukupatsani mphotho yapamwamba. Yambani ndi zilankhulo zopambana kwambiri , kuphatikizapo Ruby, Cholinga C, ndi Python.
Kuthamangitsa: Mmene Mungapezere IT Job
Pamene mukufunafuna ntchito zamakono zamakono, mungagwiritse ntchito mawebusayiti ambiri omwe amafufuza ntchito monga Really.com. Kumeneku mudzapeza malonda a ntchito omwe amachokera ku malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ntchito zina zolemba malo ndi ma intaneti. Olemba ntchito amagwiritsanso ntchito mwayi wotsegulira mwachindunji ku Indedi. Kuphatikizanso apo, mukhoza kugawana kachiwiri komweko kuti abwana akufunafuna munthu amene ali ndi ziyeneretso anu akhoza kukupeza.
Mungagwiritsenso ntchito malo omwe ali ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito mu IT. Phindu logwiritsa ntchito malo ngati awa ndilokutithandiza kuti muchepetse kuganizira kwanu ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yanu mogwira mtima.
Mauthenga ndi ofunikira pakupeza malo omasuka. Ngati simuli pa LinkedIn , muyenera kukhala. Idzakulolani kuti muyanjane ndi anthu omwe ali mumunda wanu kapena omwe akudziwa anthu omwe ali.
Kubwezeretsedwa bwino kapena curriculum vitae , pamene sikudzakulembeni, mudzapeza wogwira ntchito kuti akuwoneni. Zojambula pa intaneti ndizofunikira kwa opanga webusaiti ndi omanga amene akuyenera kusonyeza ntchito yawo. Ngati mukuyesera kumanga ntchito yokhazikika, muyenera kupeza maumboni a kasitomala.
Pamene kuyambiranso kapena mbiri yanu kukubweretserani chidwi kwa wogwira ntchito, ntchito yanu pamalankhulidwe a ntchito ingakupangitseni ntchito yomwe mukufuna. Monga ndi ntchito iliyonse, nthawi zonse muyenera kukonzekera kuyankhulana ndi ntchito ndipo ganizirani momwe mungayankhire mafunso alionse - kuphatikizapo malamulo oletsedwa .
Zowonjezera Zowonjezera:
"Ntchito Zakompyuta ndi Zamakono." Buku la Occupational Outlook Handbook 2016-2017 (US Bureau of Labor, December 17. 2015).
Csorny, Lauren "Ntchito muzowonjezera mautumiki apamwamba zamakono" Pambuyo pa Numeri: Ntchito ndi Usowa Ntchito , Vol. 2, ayi. 9 (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, April 2013).
"Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services: NAICS 54" Industrial Industries at Glance (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2017).