Zimakhala zozama kwambiri, pogwiritsira ntchito periscope, ma sitima oyendayenda ndi zina zambiri
Oyendetsa sitima zam'madzi akhala akukondwera ndi okonda masewerawa komanso omwe ali ndi zida zankhondo, zomwe zimakhala pansi pa sitima zapamadzi, komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pozitetezera zimasungidwa mwachinsinsi. Iwo samawayitana ndi ntchito yamtendere pachabe. Kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, sitima zapamadzi zowononga nyukiliya zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'kati mwa Cold War komanso pochita nawo nkhondo ku Nkhanza ndi Zida zamakono.
Pano pali mayankho a mafunso omwe anthu ambiri amadzifunsa ponena za masitima am'madzi, motsogoleredwa ndi a United States Navy Submarine Force:
Kodi Sitima Zamadzimadzi Zimadziwika Bwanji?
Sitima zapamadzi zimayandama pamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za ballast zodzaza ndi mpweya. Pali ma valve pamwamba pa akasinja a ballast omwe amatsegulidwa pamene ndi nthawi yoti sitima yam'madzi igwe pansi. Pamene mpweya umatha, madzi amchere amabwera pansi pa thanki. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zochepazo zikhale zolemetsa komanso zimangowonjezera. Zimatengera anthu anayi pantchito yoyendetsa sitimayo ngati pamwamba kapena kumizidwa. Otsogolera oyang'anira omwe ali m'gululi ndi helmsman ndi planesman. Iwo amachoka kumanzere ndikukwera mmwamba ndi pansi pogwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro kuti athe kusintha kayendetsedwe ka ndege ndi ndege. Msilikali yemwe akuyang'anira ndi woyang'anira ndege yemwe amayang'anira ntchito zawo zonse. Wachinayi wa gulu la ulonda, Chief of Watch, wakhala pafupi ndikugwira ntchito ya Ballast Control Panel (BCP). BCP imayendetsa mabomba omwe amalowetsa pansi ndikuwongolera ngalawayo komanso amakhalabe ndizitsulo pamene amadzizidwa.
Kodi Zamadzimadzi Zimakhala Bwanji?
Njira imodzi imene sitima yam'madzi imatha kutchulidwira imatchedwa kuthamangira pamwamba. Kuti tichite izi, mphepo yamkuntho imaponyedwa m'matangi a ballast m'malo mwa madzi amchere. Ndi kulemera kwamadzi a m'nyanja omwe amasunga pansi pa madzi pansi, kotero kuchoka kwawo kumapangitsa kuti madziwo alowe pamwamba.
Njira ina ndiyo kuyendetsa pamwamba. Sitima yam'madzi imakhala ndi ndege pafupi ndi tsinde, uta ndi superstructure. Powawongolera, sitima yamadzi amatha kukwera pamene ikuyenda. Kamodzi pamwamba, mpweya wotsika umatha kukakamiza madzi amchere kuchokera m'matangi a ballast kuti apitirize kuyandama pamwamba pa madzi.
Kodi Mungatani Kuti Mulowe M'nyanja Yam'madzi?
Izi ndizogawidwa. Chimene Nkhondoyi ingakuuzeni ndikuti ma-submarines awo akhoza kudzaza mozama kuposa mamita 800. Koma samapita mwakuya monga subs subs kuti ayang'ane pansi.
Kodi Ng'ombe Zing'onozing'ono Zimatha Kutani Pansi Madzi?
Sitima zapamadzi zamagetsi zamtendere za Navy zimatha kukhala kumizidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Air si vuto pamene iwowo amapanga oksijeni awo ndikusunga mpweya. Malire a momwe angakhalire pansi pa madzi ndi chakudya ndi zinthu. Ma sitima zam'madzi ambiri amagula chakudya cha masiku 90, kotero amathera miyezi itatu pansi pa madzi.
Sitima zam'madzi zam'madzi (zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito tsopano ndi United States Navy) zinali ndi malire a masiku angapo m'madzi. Iwo sakanatha kuyendetsa injini yopuma mpweya pamene anali kumizidwa mwakuya ndipo amayenera kudalira mphamvu zamagetsi ndi magetsi pamene anali pansi pa madzi. Ayenera kuyendetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mthunzi wa snorkel kuti mpweya ukhale ndi injini ya dizilo kuti azigwiritsanso mabatire ndikusintha mpweya wabwino.
Kodi Mungayang'ane Kunja Mukakhala Madzi?
Ayi, sitima zapamadzi zankhondo za Navy zilibe mawindo kapena mafotolo kotero kuti ogwira ntchito amatha kuona moyo wa undersea. Sitima zapamadzi zimangokhala ndi masomphenya okhawo, ndipo izo zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi pamwamba, periscope depth (PD). Oyendetsa sitimayi amatha kuyang'ana madigiri 360 ndi periscope kuti apeze zombo zina ndi ndege m'derali kuti adziŵe zolinga zomwe akufuna kukonzekera kapena kutumiza. Ma sitima zam'madzi amagwiritsira ntchito sonar pamene amadzizidwa kuti apeze chidziwitso pa zolinga za adani, malo a pansi pa madzi, ndi zoopsa zina.
Kodi Zikuwoneka Bwanji Kupyolera mwa Periscope?
Malamulo a masiku ano sikuti amangogwiritsa ntchito mafilimu akale, amakhala ndi masomphenya usiku, makanema komanso makamera, kukulira ndi maina amkati.
Kodi Mumadziwa Bwanji Kuti Mukupita Kumadzi?
Kuyenda kumayendetsedwa ndi oyendetsa sitima zam'madzi ndi a Quartersmasters ndipo amatsogoleredwa ndi makompyuta m'chombocho.
Amagwiritsa ntchito ma chart ocean navigational. Sitimayo imalandira mauthenga ochokera ku satana amtundu wa Global Positioning System (GPS) pamene ili pafupi kwambiri moti imatha kugwiritsa ntchito antenna. ndi Quartermasters amagwiritsa ntchito ma chart ocean navigational Amatha kugwiritsa ntchito sextant pamene ali pamwamba.
Kodi Mukuganiza Kuti Sitima Yoyendetsa Sitima Imakhala Pansi pa Madzi?
Kawirikawiri, kayendedwe ka pansi pamadzi sikasokonezeka ndi kayendetsedwe ka mafunde pamwambapa. Zimangokhala mvula yamkuntho yamkuntho komanso mphepo yamkuntho yomwe imayenda mozungulira mpaka kufika mamita 400 pansipa. Muzochitika izi, masitima am'madzi angatenge mpukutu wa digiri zisanu kapena khumi.
Kodi Sitima Zam'madzi Zingathenso Motani?
Izi ndizogawidwa. Komabe, sitima zam'madzi za nyukiliya za US zitha kuyenda mofulumira kuposa makilomita 23 pa ora, yomwe ndi makilomita 37 pa ora kapena majeti 20 (nautical miles pa ora) pansi pa madzi.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Sitima Zam'madzi Zikhoza Kupita Mofulumira M'madzi?
Kuthamanga kwa Mlengalenga: Momwe mawonekedwe a manda otsekemera a misozi amathandizira sitima yapamadzi kudula bwinobwino m'nyanja pamene pali madzi kumbali zonse - komanso zipangizo zamtundu wa nyumba. Koma pamene ili pamwamba, imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti ikhale ndi mawonekedwe a uta ndi kuwuka. ndipo mphamvu zoperewera zimayikidwa. Zida za Sitima Zachiŵiri Zadziko Lonse ndi sitima yoyamba yamagetsi ya nyukiliya yotchedwa USS Nautilus , inali ndi uta utawopseza kwambiri kuposa momwe ankachitira pansi pa madzi.
Kodi Mumapeza Bwanji Mpweya pa Sitima Zam'madzi?
Sitima yam'madzi imakhala ndi zida zowonjezera kuti zibweretse kunja kwa mlengalenga pamene zikutsegula, ndi mthunzi wopanga njuchi kuti zibweretse mlengalenga pozizira mkati mwa periscope. Kamodzi kumizidwa m'munsi pansi pa periscope mozama, zipangizo zimapitirizabe kutulutsa mpweya wa zowonongeka ndi oksijeni kuti apitirize kubwezeretsa mpweya. Mtundu wa mpweya umayang'aniridwa mosalekeza. Posachedwapa, asilikali a Navy analetsedwa kusuta pamadzi omanga. Nthawi zambiri ankasuta fodya m'madzi amadzimadzi okhaokha komanso atalandira mpweya watsopano ndipo amatha kulengeza "nyali yosuta".
Kodi Mumalankhulana Bwanji?
Sitima zam'madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono kuti ziyankhulane ndi mabasi ndi ngalawa, kaya mwachindunji kapena kudzera mu satana. Sitima zam'madzi zimatha kutumiza ndi kulandira mauthenga onse komanso osamva. Oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi amatha kutumiza ndi kulandira imelo pamene ali pa doko komanso pansi pa zochepa pamene ali panyanja. Makalata ndi ma phukusi amaperekedwa pakubwera. Angagwiritsenso ntchito wailesi yotchedwa Low Low Frequency (VLF) yomwe imayenda pansi pamadzi kupita pansi pa 60 ft pa 3-30 kHz.
Sonar Amagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Sonar (SOund NAvigation ndi Ranging) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zombo ndi zombo zam'madzi, ndipo zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosavuta komanso yogwira ntchito. Ndi sonar yogwira ntchito, phokoso limatulutsidwa ndipo limatulutsa zinthu m'madzi. Zikumveka ngati zowawa zomwe mwamva m'mafilimu onena za masitima am'madzi. Zidazi zimamvetsera kubwerera kwa chizindikiro cha bounced kuti chiwonetsere njira ndi liwiro la chinthucho. Komabe, ngalawa zina ndi masitima am'madzi amatha kumva zizindikiro za sonar zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndikudziwa komwe kayendedwe kanu kakang'ono kali. Sonar sonal akumvetsera phokoso lochokera ku zinthu, kuphatikizapo ngalawa zina ndi ma submarines. Sichikupatsani udindo wanu. Ogwira ntchito zamaluso amatha kudziwa makhalidwe ambiri a sitimayi, masitima am'madzi ndi moyo wam'madzi kuchokera ku zizindikiro izi. Sitimayi yamadzimadzi imatha kumva ngalawa komanso nyanja yayikulu (mahatchi / dolphins) kutali.
Kodi Mumathawa Bwanji Kumalowa Oyendetsa Sitimayo?
Nkhono zapamadzi zapamadzi zimakhala ndi mitengo iwiri yothawira, yomwe ili ngati kutsekedwa kwa mpweya ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira zopulumukira. Mungaveke wosungira moyo yemwe ali ndi chimbudzi chomwe chimapereka mpweya wa mpweya kuti mupume, ndiyeno mutenge thunthu lothawa. Mphuno ya m'munsi imatsekedwa, thunthu imadzaza madzi ndipo imabwera kuntchito ya madzi. Kenaka phokoso lakunja limatsegulidwa ndipo iwe umayandama pamwamba.
Kodi Anthu Amapulumutsidwa Bwanji ku Nyanja Yowonongeka?
Navy ili ndi masitima apamadzi otchedwa Deep Submersible Rescue Vehicles (DSRV), monga momwe amaonera m'mafilimu, Kuthamangira kwa Red October , kapena Grey Lady Down . Amatha kugwirizanitsa ndi thunthu lothawira pamadzi omwe amalowetsa pansi ndikupita nawo ogwira ntchito. Gawo lotsatira lachipulumutso limatchedwa Submarine Rescue Diving ndi Recompression System.
Kodi Pali Zida Zonse za Nyukiliya za US Zitayika?
Awiri akhala atayika. USS Thresher (SSN 593) idakwera pa April 10, 1963 pamene mayesero a panyanja ndi USS Scorpion (SSN 589) anatayika pa May 27,1968 pamene adachokera ku ntchito ya ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse, maanja okwera 52 anali atatayika. Imeneyi inali imodzi mwa nsomba zokhazokha zisanu kapena zisanu. Nkhondo isanayambe komanso itatha, pafupifupi 20 anafa chifukwa cha ngozi.
Kodi Nyumba Zam'madzi Zam'madzi Zam'madzi Zimakhala Kuti?
Navy ili ndi nyumba ziwiri zoyang'anira nyumba zosungiramo zida zankhondo zopita pansi pa nyanja ndi pansi pa nyanja:
- Mtsinje wa US Navy Submarine Force - Kuphatikizapo USS Nautilus , USS George Washington ndi USS X-1. Groton, Connecticut.
- Nyumba ya Naval Undersea Museum: Keyport, Washington.
Palinso masitima ena ambiri omwe amawonetsedwa m'misamaliro. Mukhoza kuwapeza iwo akufufuza pa intaneti masitima am'madzi a pansi pa nyanja.