Kukhala wogwira ntchito mopanda ntchito popanda zoletsedwa ndi bwana wakhala mwachizoloŵezi kwa antchito ambiri a ku America. N'chiyani chabwino kuposa kukhala ndi nthawi yeniyeni, komanso kugwira ntchito ndi nthawi yanji?
Kwa munthu aliyense amene anasankha kugwira ntchito mu chuma cha gig ngakhale, pali ena amene amatha kumeneko popanda kusankha okha. Antchito ena agwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ntchito monga olemba ntchito akudalira antchito ogulitsa ntchito kuti asamalire ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo komanso zopindulitsa zokhudzana ndi kugwira antchito a nthawi zonse. Komanso, ogwira ntchito ambiri okalamba adasamutsidwa panthawi yachuma ndipo adasankha ntchito kuti azigwira ntchito, chifukwa sanathe kubwerera kuntchito.
Zotsatira zake zakhala kuphulika kwa chuma cha gig komwe antchito akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olemba ntchito kuti agwire ntchito popanda ntchito (kapena phindu ) kwa wogwira ntchito wamuyaya . Anthu omwe amawoneka ngati ojambula, oimba, ogwira ntchito pafilimu, ndi manja a famu nthawi zonse akhala akusamuka kuchoka ku gig kupita ku gig, koma tsopano zakhala zikuwonjezeka m'madera ambiri makamaka m'mafakitale othandizira.
Zotsatira Zonse za Ntchito Yanu
Bungwe la Labor Statistics (BLS) lipoti kuti kudzigwira ntchito kwenikweni kunachepetsedwa kuyambira 1994 mpaka 2015.
Mu 1994, chiŵerengero chogwira ntchito chinali 12.1 peresenti, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2015 chiwerengerocho chinachepera 10.1 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito. Kuleka kumeneku kungathe kufotokozedwa mwachindunji ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ntchito zaulimi panthaŵi imeneyo, popeza antchito ambiri akulima ali ndi minda yawo ndipo adzigwira ntchito, kapena anali ogwira ntchito kudziko lina.
Kuonjezerapo, malo ochepa ogulitsira malonda amapezeka tsopano ndi ulamuliro wa mall ndi masitolo akuluakulu.
Komabe, The Harvard Business Review (HBR) inanena kuti ngakhale chiŵerengero cha ogwira ntchito ogwira ntchito yodzigwira ntchito monga momwe boma limanenera chakhala chikupitirirabe kuyambira 2000, chiwerengero chenicheni cha antchito odziimira chawonjezeka. HBR imapereka kusiyana kwa chidziwitso chokwanira cha ntchito yodzipangira ntchito ndi BLS.
Boma likufuna anthu omwe afunsidwa kuti afotokoze ntchito imodzi yokha ya ntchito kuchokera kuzinthu zitatu: bungwe lachinsinsi, boma, kapena ntchito. Antchito osakhalitsa, anthu omwe ankadzipangira okhaokha, komanso ogwira ntchito ogwira nawo mgwirizano onse amawerengedwa mu kafukufuku wa boma.
Mckinsey Global Institute inafufuza anthu 8,000 ku United States ndi ku Europe ndipo anaganiza kuti 20 peresenti - 30 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito anali "ntchito yodziimira."
Makampani Amakono a Gig Economy
Mipata yodzipangira ntchito inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi LinkedIn, makampani omwe adasintha malonda m'miyezi 12 yapitayi adagonjetsa:
- Thanzi labwino (+11 peresenti)
- Nyumba zam'mudzi (+ 10 peresenti)
- Ntchito yomanga (+8 peresenti)
- Ndalama (+8%)
- Mapulogalamu a Software / IT (+5%)
Makampani ena adawonetsa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha antchito ogwira ntchito:
- Chitetezo cha Anthu (-16 peresenti)
- Malonda (-12 peresenti)
- Zojambula (-11 peresenti)
- Zosangalatsa / Ulendo (-9 peresenti)
- Agriculture (-8 peresenti)
Ntchito Zodziwika pa Ntchito Yodzipereka payekha
Malingana ndi Upwork, pulogalamu yapamwamba yomwe imagwirizanitsa olemba ntchito payekha, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito payekha, ndi awa: ojambula ndi opanga mawebusaiti, webusaiti, oyendetsa mafoni ndi mapulogalamu a pulogalamu, akatswiri othandizira otsogolera, olemba ndi omasulira, olemba ntchito zachuma / zachuma / akatswiri, IT / malonda / akatswiri othandizira makasitomala, aphungu / apolisi apamwamba, akatswiri ojambula ndi okonza mapulani, ndi akatswiri odziwa deta / akatswiri ofufuza.
Ntchito yothandizira imathandizanso anthu ogwira ntchito kuntchito, othandizira ogwira ntchito, komanso oyendetsa madalaivala monga ntchito zina ndi mwayi wopita nawo payekha.
Kumene Ntchito Ili - Ndipo Osati
Malingana ndi a BLS, mayiko 21 ali ndi ntchito zodzipangira okha kuposa momwe amachitira dziko lonse la 10.1 peresenti mu 2015. Mayiko omwe ali ndi malipiro apamwamba ndi awa:
- Montana 16.1 peresenti
- Maine 15.4 peresenti
- Vermont 14.4 peresenti
- South Dakota 14.2 peresenti
Chigawo cha makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi zinayi chikunena kuti chinali ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito. Ochepa kwambiri ndi awa:
- Chigawo cha Columbia chigawo 7.1
- Delaware 7.2 peresenti
- Alabama 7.5 peresenti
Ntchito Yodzikonda Ndi Mbadwo
Anthu omwe ali ndi zaka 65 kapena kuposerapo anali ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri payekha pa 24,1 peresenti, motsogozedwa ndi a zaka zapakati pa 55 mpaka 64 pa 14.7 peresenti, 45 mpaka 54 ali ndi zaka 11.8, ali ndi zaka 35 mpaka 44 pa 10.1 peresenti, 25 mpaka 34 ali ndi zaka 5.7 peresenti, ndipo ali ndi zaka 16 mpaka 24 pa 2.2 peresenti.
Kugwira Ntchito Mwachiwerewere
Amuna amatha kukhala odzigwira okha pa 12,3 peresenti, pamene akazi asanu ndi awiri okha ndi asanu ndi awiri okha anali odzipereka okha.
Ntchito Yanu Mwadongosolo la Maphunziro
Maseŵera a ntchito yodzipangira amasiyana mosiyana, koma osati mochititsa chidwi, ndi msinkhu wopeza maphunziro malinga ndi BLS. Ogwira ntchito omwe anali ndi digiri zapamwamba kapena adokotala anali osiyana ndipo anali ndi ntchito zoposa:
- 21,3 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi digiri yapamwamba, monga madokotala, mabwalo amilandu, ndi omanga mapulani omwe amakhala ndi zochita zawo, anali odzigwira okha.
- 16,6 peresenti ya amene ali ndi digiri ya sayansi amagwira ntchito mosiyana.
- Antchito omwe ali ndi digiri ya sekondale ndi omwe ali ndi digiri ya bachelor ali ndi chiwerengero cha ntchito paokha pa 11.2 peresenti.
- Amene ali ndi digiri ya master anabwera mkati mwa 9.3 peresenti.
Kudzigwira Ntchito Ndi Dziko Loyamba ndi Race
Ogwira ntchito ochokera kudziko lachilendo anali ochepa kwambiri kuti akhale odzigwira okha kuposa anzawo a ku United States. Phindu la ntchito kwa anthu ochokera kunja linali 11.2 peresenti ndipo ndi 9,8 peresenti yokha ya ogwira ntchito obadwa.
Ogwira ntchito zoyera (10,9 peresenti) amakhala odziwa ntchito kuposa a Black / African American (5.2 peresenti), Asiya (9.6 peresenti), kapena Latinos (8.3 peresenti).
Kudzigwira Ntchito: Mwa Kusankha Kapena Kumakakamiza?
LinkedIn ProFinder imanena kuti anthu omwe amawunikira okha, omwe amadzifunsa okha, oposa 50 peresenti anali ndi ndondomeko zoti asabwerere kuntchito ya nthawi zonse ndipo ankafuna kugwira ntchito pawokha. Pafupifupi 20 peresenti akunena kuti apanga ziwerengero sikisi kapena zambiri chaka chino kuchokera ku freelancing.
Kafukufuku wa Mckinsey Global Institute anasonyeza kuti 70 peresenti ya antchito odzigwira okha anasankha mwaulere kuti malowa ndiwo magwero apamwamba kapena othandizira. Otsalira 30 peresenti ya anthu ogwira ntchito pawokha anali ngati "okayikira" amene angasankhe ntchito zachikhalidwe kapena "anthu osowa ndalama" omwe anakakamizika kuwonjezera ndalama zawo mwa ntchito yodziimira.
Ogwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ntchito amakhala osowa ntchito ndipo ambiri angapange ndalama zochepa kapena zopanda phindu kuchokera kuntchito zawo. Kotero, ziwerengero za kusowa ntchito sizingayimire gulu lonse la ogwira ntchito omwe angayankhe ngati odzigwira okha kuti afufuze ndi boma.
Zotsatira Zamtsogolo za Gig Economy
Ngakhale ntchito za BLS zomwe sizidzagwira ntchito zaulimi zidzawonjezeka pafupi ndi 7 peresenti kuchokera chaka cha 2014 mpaka 2024. Intuit ikulingalira kuchuluka kwa ntchito yodzipangira (43 peresenti) pofika 2020. Izi zidzakhudzidwa ndi kupezeka kwabwino malonda ndi mtengo wathanzi wothandizira ogwira ntchito omwe sagwirizana ndi olemba ntchito nthawi zonse .
Mufukufuku wina wolembedwa ndi antchito a 2700 ku United States ndi FreshBooks, chiwerengero cha antchito ogwira ntchito pawokha chidzawonjezeka kufika pa mamiliyoni 42 pofika mu 2020. Zaka mazana ambiri zikuwonekera makamaka pa ntchito yodzipangira okhaokha, ndipo zikuwonetsedwa mu phunziro ili kuti padzakhala 42% ogwira ntchito.
Ziwerengero za ntchito zaumwini zoperekedwa ndi Bureau of Labor Statistics ' Ntchito Yodzigwira ku United States (2016)