Phunzirani za Zida Zapadera ndi Magulu Amagulu
Pa August 1, 1966, Charles Joseph Whitman anapha mkazi ndi amayi ake. Pambuyo pake, anakwera 28 pansi pa Main Building ku yunivesite ya Texas ku Austin ndipo anakhazikitsa malo ngati chithunzithunzi. Pafupifupi maola awiri ndi theka, Whitman adapha ndi kupha anthu 14 ndipo anavulaza ena 32 ndi kuzungulira.
Apolisi omwe adayankha pazochitikazo sadali okonzeka kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala osungika bwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo zida zoyenera kapena maphunziro apadera ndi machenjerero, akuluakulu a malamulo amalephera kuthetsa vutoli mofulumira. Zovutazo zinapangitsa chidwi cha dziko lonse ndipo anthu ambiri amawaona ngati chothandizira chomwe chinachititsa kuti magulu a SWAT apitirize ku United States.
Los Angeles Amatsogolera Njira
Ngakhale zochitika za Texas Tower Shootings - monga zovuta ku Austin zinatchulidwanso - zinalikuwonekera, Dipatimenti ya Police ya Los Angeles ndi Ofesi ya Los Angeles County Sheriff inali kukhazikitsa mayunitsi atsopano m'magulu awo kuti athe kuthana ndi zochitika zachiwawa tsiku lililonse apolisi sanaphunzitsidwe kapena kukonzekera.
Pazitsulo za Watts Riot, pomwe anthu 34 anaphedwa ndipo oposa 1,000 anavulala, akuluakulu a malamulo ku Los Angeles adayamba kufufuza momwe zochitika zomwezo zingagwiritsidwe bwino mtsogolomu pofuna kuchepetsa anthu osauka ndi ophwanya malamulo ndikubweretsa zosankha mwamsanga.
Zinachokera ku mayesowa kuti lingaliro la zida ndi njira zamakono zinasinthika.
Malingana ndi Dipatimenti ya Police ya Los Angeles, gulu loyamba la SWAT linali ndi magulu okwana 15 a anthu 4. Maguluwa anapangidwa ndi gulu la anthu odzipereka, omwe onse anali ndi mwayi wapadera wapadera ndipo adatumikira kale mmagulu ankhondo.
Chigawo cha Los Angeles SWAT chinakhala chitsanzo cha madera onse ku United States ndi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mabungwe apolisi amayesetsa kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto atsopano omwe akuyang'aniridwa ndi malamulo.
Mayankho a Apolisi Achikhalidwe ndi Matenda a SWAT
Pomwe gulu la SWAT lidayamba kugwira ntchito mozama, lamulo lachikhalidwe podziika pangozi linali loti apolisi apempherere kuti ateteze malowa pamene akudikira kubwera kwa magulu ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso opangidwa bwino. Izi zimawoneka ngati njira yopambana kwambiri yochepetsera kuwonongeka, makamaka mchitidwe wa apolisi, makamaka pa nthawi yochitidwa.
Sukulu yoopsa yomwe inachitikira ku Columbine, ku Colorado pa April 24, 1999, inachititsa apolisi kuganizira mwatsatanetsatane izi. Pankhani ya Columbine, zinaonekeratu kuti panthawi yovuta, apolisi sakanatha kudikirira; kufunika kochotsa mowopsya mwamsanga kuthetsa imfa ndi kuvulala kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kudikira oyang'anira a SWAT kuti akwaniritse ndi kufika.
Maphunziro a Apolisi
Ngakhale magulu a SWAT akadakonzedweratu pa zoopsa zapamwamba monga kupulumutsidwa kwa ogwidwa, ntchito yobvomerezeka, ndi ulamuliro wa chisokonezo, apolisi ambiri akulandira zomwe poyamba zikanati ziwoneke ngati maphunziro oyamba a SWAT.
Kuwonjezera apo, akuluakulu ena oyendetsa katundu akunyamula mfuti komanso zida zothandizira kuthana mofulumira ndi zoopsa zowonongeka, ndipo magulu ankhondo amachititsa kuti magalimoto ochulukirapo ndi zida ziperekedwe kwa dipatimenti zamapolisi zomwe sizikanatha kupeza zipangizo zoterezi. Kufalikira kwa machenjerero ndi zipangizo zoterezi kwachititsa ena kufotokozera nkhawa pa zomwe akuwona kuti zikuphwanyika pakati pa magulu ankhondo ndi ntchito za malamulo.
Udindo ndi Cholinga cha Matenda a SWAT
Zida zamakono ndi ma Macikiti akupitirizabe kugwira nawo ntchito popititsa patsogolo malamulo, makamaka pa nthawi imene otsogolera oyendetsa ndege samaphunzitsidwa kapena kukonzekera. Cholinga cha gulu la SWAT ndi kuyankha mofulumira ku zoopsa ndikuwafikitsa kuchitsimikizo chofulumira komanso chosagwirizana.
Potsirizira pake, ntchito yeniyeni ya SWAT timapepala ndi kuchepetsa ndi kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwazomwe zingatheke kudzera mwa maphunziro apadera ndi njira zamakono. Pochita zimenezi, ntchito yawo imapereka chithandizo chachikulu kwa anthu onse.