Kodi Baibulo Lidzakhala Liti Longali? Kodi Ntchito Zomwe Zili Panopa Zimatengedwa Kuti Zida za Anthu?
Nthawi Yopangira Maiko Ovomerezeka ku United States
Zolemba zamakalata zilimbikitsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali pansi pa malamulo a United States ntchito isanayambe kulamulira.
Nthawi yowonjezera imakhudzidwa ndi ntchito yomwe inakhazikitsidwa, kaya idafalitsidwa kapena ayi, komanso ngati mlembi / mlembi wafa kapena ayi. Kuwonjezera apo, ngati wolemba wamwalira, koma tsiku la imfa silinadziwe, malamulo osiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kawirikawiri:
- Ntchito Zapangidwe Pambuyo pa 1978 : Ntchito zofalitsidwa pambuyo pa 1992 koma zisanayambe 1978 zimatengedwa kuti zatetezedwa kutetezedwa kwa zaka 95 kuyambira pamene ntchito yoyamba inalembedwa (onani ndemanga *).
- Ntchito Zosindikizidwa Zisanayambe Pambuyo pa 1978 : Ntchito yosindikizidwa yomwe inakhazikitsidwa zisanayambe 1978 imatetezedwa ndi malamulo ovomerezeka pa moyo wa wolemba komanso zaka 70 pambuyo pa imfa ya wolemba.
* Zindikirani : Malamulo osiyana ndi malamulo a malamulo amatha kusintha nthawi komanso nthawi yowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zosindikizidwa popanda zindidziwitso zisanafike chaka cha 1989 zitha kukhala kale pagulu chifukwa zovomerezeka zoyenera sizinatsatidwe. Kuphatikizanso apo, zolemba zaufulu zingayambitsidwenso kwa nthawi yaitali, motero kumatulutsa tsiku lomaliza.
Ikugwira Ntchito Tsopano mu Public Domain Mu Malamulo a US Copyright
Chithunzi chotsatira chikuwonetsa ntchito zosayindikizidwa zomwe zingakhale zogwirizana ndi malamulo ovomerezeka ndi zomwe zikugwira ntchito panopa pa January 1, 2015 (Zindikirani: zojambula zomveka ndi ntchito zomwe zinasindikizidwa kunja kwa United States ndi nzika zaku America kapena zakunja anthu amitundu amatsata malamulo osiyana ndi ovomerezeka ndipo zotsatirazi sizikugwira ntchito.)
| NTCHITO ZA UNPUBLISHED (Sitinayambe Kufalitsidwa kapena Kulembedwera) | DURATION LA COPYRIGHT LAWS (Lamulo la United States) | |
|---|---|---|
Ntchito zonse zosasindikizidwa. Ntchito zosindikizidwa zomwe olemba omwe anafa asanakhale 1945 tsopano akulamulira. | Zolemba zachinsinsi zimateteza mosavuta ntchito zosasindikizidwa za moyo wa wolemba komanso zaka 70 pambuyo pa imfa yake. | |
Ntchito zosasindikizidwa ndi olemba akufa, koma tsiku la imfa silikudziwika. Ntchito zonse zisanayambe 1895 zisanayambe kulamulira. | Ngati mlembi wamwalira, koma palibe chidziwitso cha tsiku lenileni la imfa, ntchito zake zosasindikizidwa zimatetezedwa ndi malamulo ovomerezeka a 120 kuyambira tsiku lomwe ntchitoyo inalengedwa. | |
Zosazindikiritsa ntchito, ntchito zopangidwa ndi ziphuphu, kapena zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa pansi pa malo ogwira ntchito. Ntchito zakhazikitsidwa kale 1895 zisanayambe kulamulira. | Zolemba zamakono zili zogwira ntchito zaka 120 kuyambira tsiku lomwe ntchitoyo inalengedwa |
Malamulo Achilungamo Achilendo
Palibe malamulo ovomerezeka padziko lonse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko onse. Muyenera kufufuza nthawi zonse malamulo atsopano omwe mukukhala nawo m'dziko limene mumakhala kapena mukukonzekera kukhazikitsa bwino ntchito zanu.
Mwachidziwitso Copyright Protection
Chilichonse chimene mumalenga, kapena kuganiza, ndicho choyambirira "mawonekedwe ofotokoza" pansi pa malamulo a United States. Kawirikawiri, chitetezo choterechi chotsatira ndi chabwino kwa zaka makumi asanu (50) mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (70) padziko lonse lapansi.
Ku United States, malamulo amtundu wamakono omwe amatetezedwa amalembera olemba pawokha pazinthu zomwe zinapangidwa kapena pambuyo pa January 1, 1978, kuyambira tsiku lomwe ntchitoyo inalengedwa. Chigamulochi chimakhala zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (70) pambuyo pa imfa ya wolemba.
Malamulo Ena Achilungamo Amakhudzabe Nthawi ya Ufulu wa Wolemba
Malamulo pa malamulo a chilolezo amatha kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la US linkafuna kuti maufuluwa akhale atsopano zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu (28). Zosungidwa zilizonse zomwe zinasindikizidwa pamaso pa 1964 zomwe zinkatsatiridwa ndi malamulo a zaka 28 zatsopano, ndipo sizinayambitsidwenso, tsopano ndizochokera ku US.
Kuonjezera apo, mabuku onse ndi ntchito zina zosindikizidwa zisanachitike 1923 tsopano akuonanso kuti akulamulira ku US
Zomwe Sizingakhalepo Nthawi Zina pa Zopangila
Malamulo amenewa amangotengera zofalitsa zomwe zimafalitsidwa mkati mwa United States, zomwe zinapangidwa ndi nzika za US, kapena wina amene amakhala mdziko muno nthawi ya US. Kuonjezerapo, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malamulo Ovomerezeka kumathandizanso anthu kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zochepa popanda kupeza chilolezo kwa wolemba.
Zida zochokera ku mayiko ena zimatetezedwa malinga ngati munthuyo ali nzika ya US, ndipo adakali ndi ufulu wawo m'dziko lawo.