Playwrights ali ndi zinthu izi zikulowetsedwa mwa iwo, koma olemba zamabuku kawirikawiri amachoka popanda malangizo oyenerera pa zomwe zimapangitsa chinachake chodabwitsa.
Si matsenga. Mfundo za nkhani yabwino zikhoza kuphunzitsidwa ndi kuphunzira.
Ndipotu, mwinamwake mwakhala mukuwawerengera m'kalasi yanu yophunzitsa mabuku. Sichikupweteka kuti chiwonekere tsopano, kuchokera kwa wolemba osati wophunzira. Zingamveke zosavuta, koma popanda iwo, luso lanu lokhala mlembi - luso lanu lolingalira zilembo zokhazikika , luso lanu ndi zokambirana, kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero chanu - sichidzatha.
Yambani, ndithudi, ndi protagonist, khalidwe lanu lalikulu. Protagonist ayenera kukumana ndi mkangano - ndi khalidwe lina, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, mwiniwake, kapena kuphatikiza kwa zinthu izi - ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wina.
"Kusamvana" kumatchedwanso "funso lalikulu kwambiri." Msonkhano wa Writers wa Gotham umanena izi motere: Kulemba Zopeka : Funso lofunika kwambiri "Ndilo funso losavuta / ayi, lomwe lingayankhidwe kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi." Kodi chidzachitike ndi chiyani kwa Mfumu Lear pamene adagawanitsa ufumu wake ndikudzipatula yekha kwa mwana wake wamkazi wokhulupirika?
Kodi Elizabeth Bennet wa Kunyada ndi Tsankho la Jane Austen adzakwatirana chifukwa cha chikondi, ndipo kodi iye kapena mmodzi wa alongo ake adzakwatirana bwino kuti apulumutse banja?
Ndi kusintha kotani komwe makanganowa amabweretsa? Elizabeth Bennet amadziwa kuopsa kokalola tsankho kusokoneza chiweruzo.
Mfumu Lear imapeza kudzichepetsa ndikuphunzira kuzindikira ubwino ndi kuwona mtima. Onse ali anzeru pamapeto a nkhaniyo kuposa momwe analiri pachiyambi, ngakhale nzeru iyi, mu nkhani ya Lear, ikubwera pa mtengo wokondedwa.
Zida za Plot
Nthano idzagunda zizindikiro zosiyana siyana kuchokera pa nkhaniyi kuyambira pa kukwaniritsidwa kwa funso lovuta. Mawu oyambirira amasonyeza anthu, maimidwe, ndi mgwirizano wapakati. Ikani protagonist wanu mu nkhondoyo mwamsanga. Owerenga a lero sangawonongeke m'masamba ofotokozera kuti afikire ku mfundoyi. Musawapangitse iwo kudabwa chifukwa chomwe akuwerengera nkhani kapena buku lanu. Awaleni patsamba loyamba kapena masamba.
Kuchokera kumeneko, khalidweli lidzakumana ndi zolepheretsa zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zolinga zake. Zodziŵika ngati kuyendayenda kapena chitukuko, izi ndi mbali ya nkhaniyi. Owerenga amakonda kuwona zovuta, monga kumverera ngati kuti phindu pamapeto ndiloyenera.
Apanso, kunyada ndi tsankho zimapereka chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri. Ngati Elizabeth Bennet ndi Darcy ankakondana nthawi yomweyo, ndipo abwenzi awo ndi abambo awo amavomereza pomwepo, ukwati wawo sungakhale wokhutiritsa, ndipo palibe chomwe chikanaphunzire panjira, kupatula kuti ndibwino kukondana.
Tawonani momwe ena olemba amamenyera nkhondo kwambiri pa gawo ili la nkhani yawo. Kodi amatisunga bwanji chidwi ndi zotsatira za nkhaniyi? Ndi zovuta zingati zomwe zimafunikira kuti wophunzira athe kukhutira kumapeto? Palibe chimodzi mwa zosankha izi ndizosavuta. Chimodzi mwa kukula kwanu monga wolemba kumaphatikizapo kulimbitsa kumverera kwa mpikisano wabwino wa nkhani.
Chotsatiracho chimafika pachimake , kusintha kwa nkhaniyo, komwe kumabweretsa chisankho . Funso lofunika kwambiri likusinthidwa njira imodzi. Peter Selgin amapereka chitsanzo chabwino m'buku lake: By Cunning & Craft :
Chimake ndi kuthetsa kusamvana, mfundo yoti sitingabwererenso chomwe chiwonongeko cha protagonist - chabwino kapena choipa - chimatetezedwa. Kudzipha kwa Romeo ndikumapeto ... osati chifukwa ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri, koma chifukwa chimasindikiza chiwonongeko chake ndikukonza chisankho mwa kumuletsa iye ndi Juliet kukhala osangalala nthawi zonse.
M'nkhaniyi, wolembayo amamangiriza zonse zomasuka. Elizabeth ndi Jane Bennet amakhala ndi moyo pafupi. Lydia amakhala kutali kumpoto, kumene sangathe kuwavutitsa kwambiri, ndipo makhalidwe abwino a Kitty amatengedwa ndi kupita kwa alongo ake kawirikawiri. Aliyense yemwe timakonda miyoyo amasangalala nthawi zonse, ndipo patsiku la masamba atatu kapena apo, timapeza zonse zofunika. Mofananamo, liwu la Lear limangotengera mbali imodzi yokha: osewera onse a chiwembu amwalira, koma pansi pa Edgar, England akugwirizananso.
Zotsutsa Ziwiri
Choyamba, fano yambiri yopambana satsatira malamulo awa ndendende. Koma ngakhale amagwira ntchito ngati a Virginia Woolf a Akazi a Dalloway, omwe amawoneka mozama kwambiri pa chinenero kuposa ntchito, atchule mafunso ofunika kuti tiwerenge. (Kodi phwando lake lidzatuluka? Kodi ndi chiyani ndi iye ndi Peter Walsh?) Zambiri zabodza zomwe sizikuwoneka kuti zimayendetsedwa, zimayang'anitsitsa, kudalira njira zowonetsera ndi zoona zomwe tingathe kubwereranso (kumadzulo mabuku, osachepera) kwa Aristotle's Poetics .
Chachiwiri, zinthu zofunikazi sizingatheke pazomwe tatchula pamwambapa. Yesetsani kuzizindikira izo mukuwerenga kwanu. Funso chifukwa chake wolembayo anaganiza kuti afotokoze nkhaniyo momwe iye anachitira. Taonani zosankha zodabwitsa. Ndipo, ndithudi, ganizirani za zonsezi pamene mukupanga nkhani zanu. Kumapeto kwa tsiku, chinachake chiyenera kuchitika. Zikuwoneka ngati pulayimale, koma zingakhale zophweka. Mwa njira zonse, yesetsani, koma patula nthawi pazokhazikitsanso,.