Top International Art Biennales (Biennials)

by Susan Kendzulak

Kaya mumauza njira ya ku Ulaya 'biennale' kapena American way 'biennial', tanthauzo lake ndi lofanana: mawonedwe a mega omwe amachitika zaka ziwiri zilizonse.

The Biennial inakhala yofunika kwambiri kuwonetsera maiko, makamaka m'ma 1990 ndipo inakula m'midzi yambiri. The Biennial inathandizanso kusintha kwa zojambulajambula kuchokera ku malo akuluakulu ojambula zamakono kupita kumalo ena, pamene akuthandiza makampani oyendayenda.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 ndi 2000, misonkhano yambiri ndi maphunziro adaphunzira kufunikira ndi kufunika kwa biennial monga lingaliro. Chimodzi mwazolemba ndi The Biennial Reader anthology.

01 The Venice Biennale

Venice Biennale ndi agogo aakazi onsewa. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1895, pamene zochitika zapadziko lapansi zinali zochitika, luso lochokera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana linawonetsedwa mu Giardini (Garden), yomwe imayimilira ku mipikisano yambiri ya dziko, yomwe ili ndi mbiri yake yapadera yopanga mapulani.

Chiwonetsero chachikulu chikukula mu mzinda wonse wa Venice, ndipo malo atsopano ndi malo owonetserako akuwonjezeka nthawi iliyonse. Venice Biennale imachitika kuyambira June mpaka Novembala pazaka za kalendala zosawerengeka.

02 Sao Paulo Biennial

São Paulo Biennial ku Brazil inayamba mu 1951 ndipo imachitika zaka zambiri. Ndilo lalikulu kwambiri komanso lakale kwambiri ku America ndipo limapanga zojambula zowoneka bwino za ku Brazilian, Latin America ndi zamitundu yonse.

03 documenta

Documenta ku Kassel, Germany si zabwino, chifukwa zimakhala zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Komabe, imakhala yotchuka komanso yofunikira ndi mabungwe apamwamba a dziko lapansi ndi zaka makumi atatu.

Panthawi yoyamba yowonekera, akatswiri a zaumisiri kuphatikizapo ojambula, okhwima, oyang'anira nyumba za museum, otsutsa, ochita zamalonda, ndi zina zotero kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1955, documenta ndi imodzi mwa ziwonetsero zazikulu zoyenera kuziwona.

04 Biennale ya Sydney

Biennale ya Sydney ku Australia inakhazikitsidwa mu 1973, ndikupanga iyo kukhala yachitatu yazakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuchokera June mpaka September mu zaka zowerengeka, chiwonetsero cha mega chikuchitika mumzinda wa Sydney.

05 Havana Biennial

Havana Biennial ku Cuba inayamba mu 1984 ndipo amadziwika kuti akuwonetsera zamatsenga osakhala kumadzulo makamaka ochokera ku Latin America ndi Caribbean artists.

06 Istanbul Biennial

Istanbul Biennial ku Turkey inayamba mu 1987 ndipo ikuchitika mu kugwa kwa zaka zosawerengeka. Ndi chimodzi mwa zolemekezeka kwambiri zojambula zojambulajambula zamakono.

Monga mabungwe ena ambiri, wotetezera makina amasankhidwa ndi komiti. Wowonetsera ndiye akukulitsa lingaliro , mutu ndi mndandanda wa ojambula ojambulawo.

Chinthu china chachikulu cha mabungwe okongola ndikuti sizomwe zimakhala zowonetserako zokhazokha, koma zimakhudza mzinda wonse m'mapangidwe ake, kotero magawo a bonnial mawonetsero amachitika m'mabwalo, mafakitale omwe asiyidwa, malo osungirako anthu, mapiri a madzi, etc. Padzakhalanso masemina , masewera, maulendo, mafilimu, ndi zina zotero.

07 Lyon Biennial

Lyon Biennial ku Lyon, France inakhazikitsidwa mu 1984 ndipo ikuchitika kuyambira September mpaka December m'zaka zosawerengeka. Iwo amalemekezedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zojambula zawo zowonongeka.

08 Dak'Art

Dokotala wa Dak'Art Biennial wa Art Contemporary African ku Dakar, Senegal unayamba mu 1992 ndipo unachitikira mu Meyi pazaka zowerengeka. Ili ndi zojambula zamakono zachi Africa.

09 Sharjah Biennial

Sharjah Biennial ikuchitika ku Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1993 monga chionetsero cha zojambula za m'deralo, pofika chaka cha 2003 chomwe chinasinthidwa kuti chikhale chithunzithunzi cha dziko lonse.

10 Berlin Biennial

The Berlin Biennial iri ku Berlin, Germany yomwe ndi imodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ojambula m'mayiko. Atsogoleredwa pambuyo pa chiwonetsero cha Aperto ku Venice Biennale, Berlin Biennial inakhazikitsidwa mu 1998 kuti ipititse patsogolo zojambula zamakono ndi kuwonetsa kufunika kwake kwa mzinda ngati malo ofunika kwambiri.

11 Shanghai Biennale

Shanghai Museum, kwa zaka zambiri. Chithunzi mwachidwi Shanghai Museum.

Bizinezi ya Shanghai ku China inayamba mu 1996 monga chiwonetsero cha ojambula a m'deralo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina za Chinese zojambulajambula. M'chaka cha 2000, chiwonetsero chachisanu chomwe chinagwiridwa ndi Hou Hanru chinali ndi zojambulajambula, zojambulajambula, zatsopano, mavidiyo ndi zamagetsi kuti apange bungwe labwino.

12 zaka zikwi khumi

The Yokohama Yakale ku Japan, pafupi ndi Tokyo, ili zaka zitatu osati zabwino, kotero izo zimachitika zaka zitatu m'malo mwa ziwiri. Inakhazikitsidwa mu 2001.

13 Singapore Biennale

Singapore Biennale ndi yatsopano monga idayambira mu 2006. Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, zojambulajambula za mzindawo zikulimbitsa ndipo Biennale yatsimikizira kuti ndi yotchuka kwambiri ndi alendo.

14 Whitney Biennial

Whitney wotchedwa Whitney Biennial wotchuka ku New York amachitika ku Whitney Museum ndipo amasonyeza zithunzi zojambula kuchokera kwa ojambula awiri omwe akuchokera ku America. Nthaŵi zambiri imatchulidwa kuti chiwonetsero chomwe amadana nacho.

Yesetsani

Manifesta , yomwe imatchedwanso European Biennial ya zamakono zapamwamba inayamba mu 1996 ndipo ikuchitika ku malo ena osiyana a ku Ulaya osakhala ndi luso lililonse zaka ziwiri. Manifesta yachitika ku Rotterdam, Luxembourg, Ljubljana, Frankfurt, San Sebastian, Trentino-South Tyrol, ndi Murcia.