Ngati simukudziwa bwino za dziko lino, malonda a malonda ndi malonda a chitetezo (kugula kapena kugulitsa katundu) pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe palibe zomwe zilipo kwa anthu onse.
Izi ndizoletsedwa ndi US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) chifukwa ndi zopanda chilungamo ndipo zingawononge misika yachinsinsi powononga wogulitsa ndalama.
Makhalidwe Otani An Insider
Kampani inayake ndi munthu amene ali ndi mwayi wozindikira zambiri zokhudza kampani yomwe ingakhudze zisankho za ndalama zomwe zingakhudze mtengo wa malonda kapena kuwerengera. Mfundo zofunika izi nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa ngati chidziwitso chakuthupi.
Akuluakulu a kampani ndi oyang'anira onse ali ndi mfundo zakuthupi. Mwachitsanzo, Vice-Presidenti wa Sales akudziwa kuchuluka kwa malonda omwe kampaniyo yagulitsa komanso ngati idzakwaniritsa malingaliro a ndalama zomwe amapereka kwa osunga ndalama. Ena m'kampani ali ndi zinthu zakuthupi, monga akauntian yemwe amakonzekera malonda a malonda. Wothandizira wothandizira alimbikanso ali ndi mfundo zakuthupi chifukwa akukonzekera zofalitsa ndipo akudziwitsani za zotsatira za ndalama .
Ena okhalamo akuphatikizapo akatswiri a zachuma; otsala pamwamba; anthu omwe ali mu Investor Relations ndi / kapena Public Relations omwe amakonzekera malonda; anthu ofunika mu Research & Development (ngati kampani ikupanga mankhwala atsopano omwe angakhale wogulitsa wamkulu); amalonda; mabanki ndi mabungwe. Monga momwe mungathe kuwona zomwe zingatheke kuti malonda apakati azikhala ochuluka, ndichifukwa chake mabungwe ogulitsa ogulitsa anthu ali ndi njira zoyenera powadziwitsa anthu omwe amawaona kuti ndi osayenera komanso kuwafotokozera malamulo, zofooka, ndi zilango.
A Temporary Insider
Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti simuli mumbali pokhapokha mutakhala gulu la kasamalidwe, makampani azachuma kapena chitukuko, kapena wina wothandizidwa kuti asamalire nkhaniyo? Mwachidule, "Ayi."
Bungwe la SEC limaphatikizapo kutanthauzira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi nthawi yowonjezera kapena "yowonjezera. Ngati pulezidenti wa kampani akukuuzani kuti kampaniyo ikuyembekeza bwino kuti katunduyo akuyendetsa bwino sichidzalandira chilolezo chovomerezeka, panopa mumakhala ngati momwemo. N'kosaloleka kuti agulitse malingana ndi chidziwitso icho chisanakhale chidziwitso cha anthu.
N'chimodzimodzinso ndi malamulo kuti mutero chifukwa tsopano ndinu "osakhalitsa." Izi zimakhala zowona mosasamala kanthu za nthawi zambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa. Ngati pulezidenti amauza woperekera uja, ndani amene amauza dokotala wake, yemwe amauza dokotala wake, yemwe akukuuzani, izi zikutanthauza kuti wothandizira, wobereka, dokotala ndi inu nonse ndinu "osakhalitsa".
Aliyense amene ali ndi chidziwitso cha zakuthupi amaletsedwa ku malonda, malingana ndi chidziwitso chimenecho, mpaka mutsimikizidwe ndi anthu onse. Bwalo Lalikulu la ku United States linagamula kuti izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa munthu amene alibe zibwenzi kwa kampaniyo. Kupeza zinthu zakuthupi kumakupangitsani kukhala mkaidi, ngakhale mutakhalabe.
Chilango Chotsutsa Malamulo Ogulitsa Zamkatimu
Zigawo 10 (b) ndi 14 (e) za Securities Exchange Act ya 1934 zimapereka SEC ufulu wokhala ndi lamulo la khoti lofuna kuti ophwanya malamulo abwezeretse phindu lawo la malonda. Bungwe la SEC likhoza kupempha khothi kuti lipereke chilango cha katatu phindu limene ophwanya malamulo adapeza kuchokera ku malonda awo. Kuphatikiza pa chilango chachuma, pali chilango chophwanya malamulo, monga momwe zinaliri ndi Martha Stewart.
Kuteteza Kampani Yanu
Apolisi amadzipangira nokha, musalole malonda ogulitsa ndipo musagwirizane nawo. Khalani osamala kuti musawadziwe zinthu zakuthupi ndi wina aliyense yemwe sali woyang'ana nawo ndipo onetsetsani kuti anthu onse akumvetsetsa udindo wawo ndi malo omwe angakhale "osakhalitsa." Ndizochita chidwi kwambiri ndi gulu lanu kuti muteteze malonda oyamba.
Ngakhalenso kampaniyo ndi antchito ake onse potsirizira pake atachotsedwa ndi SEC ya zolakwa zilizonse, kufufuza palokha kungakhale ndi zotsatira zowonongeka kwa kampani pamaso pa anthu ndi okhudzidwa.