Lembani Makampani Zojambula
The RIAA, yomwe imatsimikizira kuti golide ndi platinamu yogulitsa nyimbo, yakhala ikusunga ma bukhu a malonda a chaka chilichonse kuyambira 1973.
Pogwiritsa ntchito deta zomwe zilipo zaka 1970 ndi 1980, tikhoza kuyang'ana mmbuyo zaka zingapo molondola ndikuwona kuti kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi kutsegula ma vinyl nthawi yaitali (LPs), chinthu china chofunika kwambiri chinachitika. LP inatembenuza gawo laling'ono la makampani osangalatsa mu 1950 kukhala chomwe chinali, pofika m'chaka cha 1973, behemoth yokhala ndi timagulu tating'ono tokwana theka la biliyoni ogulitsidwa.
Chiwerengerochi chinapitirizabe m'ma 1970, ndikuyenda mu 1999 ndi malonda okwana pafupifupi 1 biliyoni. Koma china chake chinachitika mu zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, zomwe zinali malonda a LP, yomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri m'chaka cha 1971, yomwe idapitirira zaka makumi awiri zotsatira mpaka 1990, inali yovuta kwambiri, m'malo mwa makasitomala.
Masewera a Liner m'ma 1970
Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa LP inalowa m'kapangidwe kakang'ono ka masentimita 12, kupatsa osachepera 144 masentimita a malo osindikizira pa chivundikiro chakumbuyo chokhacho chirichonse chomwe kampani ndi zojambula zovomerezeka zinagwirizana nazo.
Zomwe sizinayambe, nkhani za mkonzi zinapitiliza pa nsalu ya albamu - chivundikiro chotetezera chomwe chinalowa mkati mwa chivundikiro cha LP.
Pambuyo pake, chizoloŵezicho chinapangidwa kuti zilembo zowonjezera zinakula motalikira kuti pamapeto pake malemba ambiri sanawoneke kumbuyo kwa chivundikiro koma pamakina a album - choncho "liner notes." Zolemba izi zili ndi zokhudzana ndi mbiri - ngongole kwa aliyense wogwira ntchito, kujambula zopezera malemba, kutulutsa zolemba, zolemba zaufulu, ndi nthawi zina, nyimbo nyimbo - komanso kukula kwa zokambirana zomwe zimakhudzana ndi nyimbo.
Zisonkhezero za Anthu ndi Zandale pa Liner Zindikirani
Kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito yolemba mapulogalamuyi kunagwirizana ndi njira ina yomwe inakulitsa kufunika kwake - ma 1960 kusintha kwa anthu komwe kunasintha nyimbo kuchokera ku galimoto yowonongeka yokonda zachikondi mu 1950 kukhala mphamvu yandale ndi ndale chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960.
Akuluakulu ojambula kwambiri a kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri oyambirira anali, monga omvera awo ambiri, adatsimikiza kuti gawo la ntchito yawo linali kusintha dziko. Kukula kwakukulu kama "Bwerani Anthu, Tonse Tili Pamodzi Tsopano," yolembedwa ndi The YoungBloods, yomwe ikuyimira mbiri ya pulogalamuyo nthawi imeneyo. Makamaka ambiri a Bob Dylan amamenya kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi (70) analipo - kuphatikizapo kukhala wofunikira kwambiri - mauthenga ovuta, monga momwe ambiri a Motown ankagonjera.
Panthawiyi yotsutsana ndi zandale komanso zachikhalidwe, otsutsa anzawo ndi oimba nyimbo adapeza kuti zida zowonjezera zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. Records Of Fantasy 'Ralph Gleason ankaimira mkhalidwe. Gleason, yemwe adagwirizanitsa ntchito zotsutsa anthu, oimba nyimbo, ndi olemba makampani ojambula nyimbo, analemba zolembera zomveka bwino, zolembera bwino osati kungolongosola malingaliro ake ponena za nyimbo za ojambulayo komanso kuwonetsera za chikhalidwe chawo / ndale.
Kuwonetsa kwa Liner Note
Pazifukwa zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe zinachititsa kuti mapepala apangidwe azikhala odziwika bwino, adakana kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 1980 ndikupitirizabe kuchepa m'zaka za zana la 21, pomwe mapepala amanenera - kuphatikizapo osati zolemba pazitsulo malo - akhala ovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri sapezeka panokha.
Pofika mu 1980, nthawi ya LP inali yaikulu. Zolemba za vinyl zilipo masiku ano koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Mu 1980, magalimoto akuluakulu opereka nyimbo kwa ogula anali makasitomala atsopano (osati oposa, oyambirira "mankhwala" 8) ndi ma CD.
Zonsezi ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono kwambiri. Ngakhale CD yowonjezera ili ndi malo osachepera 25 masentimita aliwonse omwe alipopo chifukwa cha ndemanga zakufotokoza - zokhala ndi sonnet. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri ndemanga zowonjezereka zimapitirizabe mu "timabuku ta CD," timayika mkati mwa phukusi la CD, nthawi ya ndondomeko yolemba zinthu zofunika kwambiri zandale ndi ndale inali yoposa
Kuchepetsa danga sikunali chifukwa chokha. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, makampani ojambula ojambula anali atagwirizanitsidwa ndi mafakitale okwana trillion-dollar. Palibe makampani akuluakulu - pakati pawo EMI, Gulu la Warners , Sony, ndi BMG - adathamanga, osadabwa, ndi anthu ochita zachikhalidwe / ndale ndi chidwi cha ndale. Ojambula, nawonso, amatsatira njira yoponderezedwa. Rappers anapitirizabe kuchita nawo ndale kuposa oimba ena, koma zomwe adanenazo zinalipo kuti anthu onse akumva ku NWA ndi ena ambirimbiri. Iwo sankafuna manotsi a liner.
Ngakhale kuti mawebusaiti ena amapitiliza kupereka zojambulidwa za digito pa nyimbo zawo, makamaka, kufunika kwa mapulogalamu ochepetsera mapulaneti kunachepetsanso pang'onopang'ono m'zaka za 21 C. Monga momwe makampaniwa adasinthira mobwerezabwereza kulumikiza kwa digito ndikusindikiza.