Kugonjetsa ku United States Military

Kodi Ubwenzi Ndi Chiwawa Liti?

Kuphatikizana ndi kuphwanya Mgwirizano Wofanana wa Chilungamo Chake (UCMJ). Imakhala pansi pa ndime 134 , ndipo ikufotokozedwa ndi Manual For Courts-martial (MCM) . Malinga ndi MCM, "zizindikiro za umboni" chifukwa cha kulakwa kwawo ndi izi:
  1. Kuti wotsutsidwayo anali woyang'anira kapena woyang'anira boma;
  2. Kuti woimbidwa mlandu adagwirizanitsa pazomwe zimagwirizanitsa usilikali ndi mmodzi kapena anthu ena olembapo mwa njira inayake;
  1. Kuti woweruzayo adziwa kuti munthuyo ndi yemwe adayankhidwa;
  2. Kuphatikizidwa koteroko kunaphwanya mwambo wa woweruzidwa kuti apolisi sagwirizane ndi mamembala omwe ali nawo pazomwe amachitira nkhondo; ndi
  3. Kuti, malinga ndi momwe ziriri, khalidwe la woweruzidwa linali la tsankhu la kukonzekera bwino ndi kulangizidwa mu zida zankhondo kapena zinali zachikhalidwe zowononga asilikali.

MCM ikupitiriza kupereka kufotokoza kwowonjezera:

Kawirikawiri . Mfundo yaikulu ya zolakwa izi ndi kuphwanya mwambo wa asilikali omwe amatsutsana nawo. Sikuti onse ocheza nawo kapena oyanjana pakati pa apolisi ndi olembedwera ndi kulakwitsa. Kaya osonkhana kapena gulu lomwe mukulimbana nalo ndilo kulakwa kumadalira zozungulira. Zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa zikuphatikizapo ngati khalidwelo lasokoneza malamulo, zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azikhala osakondera, kapena kuti asokoneze dongosolo labwino, chilango, ulamuliro, kapena khalidwe.

Zochitika ndi zochitika ziyenera kukhala monga kutsogolera munthu wololera amene akukumana ndi mavuto a utsogoleri wa usilikali kuti atsimikizire kuti kukonzekera bwino ndi kulangizidwa kwa ankhondo kwakhala kutsutsidwa ndi chizoloƔezi chawo chonyalanyaza kulemekezedwa kwa anthu olemba ntchito, umphumphu , ndi maudindo a msilikali.

Malamulo . Malamulo, malangizo, ndi machitidwe angayambitsenso khalidwe pakati pa otsogolera ndi olemba ntchito pazochitika zonse zapadera komanso zapansi. Ubale pakati pa anthu olembedwera osiyanasiyana, kapena pakati pa akuluakulu a maudindo osiyanasiyana akhoza kufanana. Kuphwanya malamulo, malangizo, kapena maulamuliro amenewa akhoza kulangidwa pansi pa Gawo 92 .

Mavuto Pogwiritsa Ntchito UCMJ

Mwamwayi, panali mavuto angapo akugwiritsa ntchito UCMJ / MCM ngati maziko. Choyamba, UCMJ / MCM imangowonjezera chigamulo cha apolisi ogwira ntchito. Malinga ndi zomwe zili mu ndime 134, adalemba kuti mamembala sangathe kuimbidwa mlanduwu. Ngakhale kuti amatha kuimbidwa mlandu pansi pa malamulo a utumiki, ntchito iliyonse inali ndi ndondomeko zosiyana ndi zofotokozera za "chiyanjano chosayenera." Kuonjezerapo, kufotokozera zomwe zilipo ndi zomwe sizingaloledwe sikunatchulidwe mwachindunji mu MCM / UCMJ.

Mu July 1998, Mlembi Wachiwombankhanga William Cohen adawongolera kuti "atenge yunifolomu, ndondomeko zomveka bwino komanso zomveka bwino". Cohen ananena kuti ndondomeko zamakono zomwe zinali zosiyana ndizo "zowonongeka ndi makhalidwe abwino makamaka pamene tikuyendera malo ophatikizana."

Mapulogalamu omwe atumizidwa amasintha ku Cohen omwe adavomereza Feb. 3, 1999. Malamulo onse atsopano adatsatiridwa mu malamulowa. Tsopano, pamene utumiki uliwonse uli ndi ndondomeko yaumwini, onsewa amagawana miyezo yodziwika bwino pa maubwenzi pakati pa apolisi ndi ogwira ntchito, olemba ntchito ndi omwe angapezeke ndi ophunzitsidwa ndi ophunzitsidwa.

Ndondomeko yowonongeka kwa ankhondo inkafuna kusintha kwakukulu ndi zovuta kwambiri. Malamulo a Navy ndi Air Force amafunika kusintha pang'ono. Malamulo a Marine Corps sakufuna kusintha.

Mapulogalamu onsewa amaletsa mgwirizano waumwini ndi bizinesi pakati pa apolisi ndi mamembala omwe amawalembera, kuwatcha iwo osayenerera kulongosola bwino ndi kulangizidwa. Ubale waumwini umaphatikizapo chibwenzi, kugwirizana, ndi kugonana kulikonse. Ubale wa bizinesi umaphatikizapo kukongola ndi kubwereka ndalama ndi mgwirizano wa bizinesi.

Zotsatirazi ndi kusokonezeka kwa ndondomeko za utumiki, kuphatikizapo malingaliro a utumiki aliyense wogwirizana ndi zitsanzo za maubwenzi oletsedwa.