Chaputala 11 ndi mtundu wa bankruptcy umene anthu ambiri amva koma ochepa amadziwa zambiri. Mwachidziwikire, mwamvapo za bungwe lalikulu monga General Motors kapena Macy's kufotokoza, koma si ochita maseĊµera aakulu omwe atumiza.
Bzinthu yaying'ono ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale anthu amajambula.
Chaputala 11 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bizinesi kuti ikonzenso ngongole yake pansi pa chitetezo cha khoti la bankruptcy. Kwa olemba ntchito akuluakulu (ndi ang'onoang'ono), amapereka njira yotetezera bizinesi ndi katundu wa kampani pamene akukambirana mawu atsopano ndi omwe ali ndi ngongole.
Kwa ena Chaputala 11 okhometsa (ndicho chimene timachitcha munthu kapena kampani imene imasungira vuto la bankruptcy), nkhani ya Chaputala 11 ndiyo njira yothetsera kampani kuti igulitsidwe kapena kugulitsa katundu kapena kuyendetsa mwadongosolo.
Mutu wina wa 11 umapindula kwambiri (ganizirani General Motors ndi Chrysler), pamene ena sali (Lehman Brothers, Washington Mutual). Mu 2013, pafupifupi 9,000 Mutu 11 milandu anatumizidwa mu makhoti aku bankruptcy. Pofika mu 2016 chiĊµerengero chimenecho chinali chotsikira ku 7,000 okha.
Ngati kampani ikuphwanya Chaputala 11, ogwira ntchito amaganiza kuti ali ndi mantha. Ambiri ndi opulumuka pankhondo yowonongeka, kuthamangitsidwa, ndi kugwirizana.
Nkhaniyi ikufufuza njira zina zomwe Chaputala 11 chimakhudzira ogwira ntchito, ndi zomwe muyenera kudziwa pamene kampani yanu ikuphatikizana.
Ufulu wanu monga wogwila ntchito umasiyana malinga ndi kuti kampani yanu inafalitsa mlandu wa Chaputala 7 kapena tsamba 11 lokonzanso. Mwatsoka kwa antchito ambiri, milandu yomwe imayambira monga kukonzedwanso nthawi zambiri imatembenuka ku Chaputala 7 ndikumaliza ntchito.
Chikhalidwe cha Ntchito
Ngati kampani ikuphwanya Mutu 7, imasiya kuchita bizinesi, koma kampani yomwe imasunga Mutu 11 kawirikawiri imafuna kupitirizabe bizinesi pamene ikukambirana ndi omwe ali ndi ngongole kuti akonzekerere ngongole yake. Zimatero motetezedwa ndi khoti la bankruptcy, kutanthauza kuti zochita zake zambiri zimayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi woweruza wa bankruptcy, ndipo ogulitsa ngongole afunikanso kuitanitsa khoti asanatengere kanthu kampaniyo.
Chifukwa chosowa kukonzanso ngongole nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza kuti ndalama za kampaniyo ndizochepa ndipo ndalamazo ndizopambana. Ndalama zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi ogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo malipiro, penshoni ndi zina, zimaphatikizapo gulu lalikulu kwambiri la ndalama, ndipo si zachilendo kwa ogulitsa ngongole kuti afunse kuti oyang'anira achitepo kanthu kuti achepetse ndalama. Choncho, kulekanitsidwa mu chaputala 11 chachilendo si zachilendo. Zolakolako ndi ntchito za ntchito ziyenera kumatsatirabe malamulo ndi malamulo a boma.
Ndipotu makampani ena omwe amavomereza kuti mgwirizanowu ndi wogwirizana kwambiri, amalemba nkhani ya Mutu 11. Zopereka malamulo a bankruptcy amalola makampani kukana kapena kukambirananso mgwirizano wa mgwirizano pazifukwa zina. Zina pansipa.
Kusintha kwa Ogwira Ntchito ndi Kuletsa Chidziwitso (WERENGANI) Act
Lamulo Lowonongeka limafuna kuti abwana ena apereke othandizira okhudzidwa masiku 60 kuti awonongeke kapena kutseka. Kawirikawiri, kuti ayenerere olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi antchito a nthawi zonse 100 kapena ochuluka ndipo osachepera 50 mwa ogwira ntchitowo akukhudzidwa. Lamulo loyendetsa ntchito likugwiranso ntchito ngakhale bizinesi yaika Mutu 11. Koma, pafupifupi pafupifupi malamulo onse a federal, pali zosiyana.
Ngati kampani yanu ikugonjetsedwa ndi lamulo lolaula, ndipo simunalandire chitsimikizo cha masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi (60) chotsutsa kapena kutseka, mukhoza kukhala ndi malipiro a malipiro anu ndi masiku awo makumi asanu ndi limodzi ngakhale mutayika fodya.
Malipiro
Ngati kampani ikulipira malipirowo pamene ikuphwanya Chaputala 11 kubweza, pokhapokha mutapitiriza ntchito yanu, ndalama zanu siziyenera kusokonezedwa.
Kampaniyo ipempha chilolezo ku khoti kuti ipitirize kulipira antchito ake malinga ngati ikupitiriza kuchita bizinesi.
Ngati, komabe, mwachotsedwapo ngati mlandu wanu utayikidwa kapena kutayika ntchito yanu isanatumizedwe, ndipo muli ndi ngongole kapena zopindulitsa, mwakhala ngongole ya Mutu 11 wa ngongole. Monga wogulitsa ngongole, mumagwirizanitsa ndi ogulitsa, ogulitsa ngongole, odala ngongole komanso ogwira ntchito. Zitha kukhala nthawi yambiri musanapereke zomwe mukulipira. Palibenso chitsimikizo chakuti mudzalipidwa chilichonse chomwe muli nacho.
Mutu 11, zomwe akunena za ngongole zimapatsidwa magawo osiyanasiyana ofunikira malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha ngongole. Malipiro ambiri a ogwira ntchito amaonedwa kuti ndi "oyamba" ndipo adzalipidwa asanabwerere ngongole zina zambiri. Izi zikuyendera pa malipiro omwe adalandira m'masiku 180 chisanafike chigamulocho ndipo chiwerengero cha $ 12,850 (chaka cha April 2016) chidzawonjezeka. "Misonkho" idzaphatikizapo malipiro a ola limodzi, malipiro, makomiti, malipiro a tchuthi, kulekanitsa, ndi malipiro olipira odwala.
Malipiro aliwonse omwe ali pamwamba pa malire oyambirira kapena omwe apitirira masiku oposa 180 akhoza kudzinenedwa, koma adzachitiridwa chimodzimodzi ndi zifukwa zina zosagwedezeka. Ngati mutayika pankhaniyi, khotili lidzalamula kuti malipiro kapena malipiro omwe mukuyenera kulipidwa mwamsanga. Ngati izo sizikuchitika, malipiro anu osapatsidwa ndi mapindu angawoneke ngati "malamulo", omwe ali ndi udindo wapamwamba kusiyana ndi "zonena zapadera."
Zokambirana Zogwirizana Zonse
Ma mgwirizano a mgwirizano, kapena mgwirizanowu, sizitetezedwa mu Chaputala 11 kuwonongeka. Ndipotu makampani ena atumiza mndandanda wa Mutu 11 ndi cholinga chenicheni chogwiritsa ntchito malamulo a bankruptcy kuti apeze mayankho atsopano ngakhale kuti mgwirizanowo sunathe.
Pamene mgwirizano wotero umakhala wolemetsa kwa kampani yobwereketsa, malamulo a bankruptcy amalola kampani yokongolayo kukana mgwirizano. Kukana mgwirizano kungathandize kuti kampaniyo ikonzekererenso, koma idzabweretsa zotsatira, monga momwe zikanakhalira ngati iphwanya mgwirizano kunja kwa bankruptcy.
Pofuna kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kwa kampaniyo, wobwereketsa nthawi zambiri amafunafuna kuvomereza ndi kusinthidwa kwa ogwirizanitsa ntchito. Ngati mavuto a kampaniyo ndi ovuta, kulephera kugwirizana ndi mgwirizanowu akhoza kuwonetsa tsoka kwa wobwereketsayo ndikuwongolera kufunika koyambitsa nkhaniyo ku Mutu 7 ndi kusungidwa.
Makampani Odziimira
Ngati ndinu wodziimira payekhalandila omwe amalandira malonda a malonda kuchokera ku kampani yowonongeka, mungathenso kupereka chilolezo choyamba chomwe simunalipereke chomwe munachipeza musanapereke chigamulocho, ngati pakapita miyezi khumi ndi iwiri (12) kampani isanathe kuchita malonda analandira ndalama zosachepera 75% za ndalama zomwe mumalandira kuchokera kwa wobwereketsa. Ngati simukulipidwa ntchito yomwe munavomereza kuti muchite pambuyo pa Mutu 11, mudatumizidwa kuti muyambe kukhala otsogolera.
Umboni Wotsimikiziridwa
Mosasamala kanthu kuti muli ndi chiyambidwe choyambirira, chidziwitso chaboma kapena chidziwitso chosavomerezeka, Kuti mulipire chilolezo chanu, muyenera kulemba chikalata chotchedwa "Umboni wa Chidziwitso," chothandizidwa ndi malemba onse omwe angasonyeze kuti mumakhulupirira bwanji muli ndi ngongole. Phunzirani zambiri za ndondomekoyo podalira Kuzaza Umboni wa Fomu ya Claim. Muyeneranso kupereka fomu yotsimikiziridwa kuti muli ndi ngongole yothandizira inshuwalansi kapena ndalama zomwe simungathe kuzilemba. Izi zidzatengedwa ngati zodzitetezera zomwe sizitetezedwa.
Kulemba Ntchito Yopanda Ntchito
Ufulu wako kuti upereke ntchito kuti ukhale wopanda ntchito umapitirirabe, ngakhale mutataya ntchito chifukwa cha bankruptcy yanu.
Zaumoyo ndi Mapindu a Pension
Ngakhale sizikutsimikiziridwa kuti zidzachitika, ndondomeko zanu zathanzi ndi penshoni zikhoza kuthetsedwa. Koma, phindu lililonse lapenshoni yomwe mwapeza kuti likhale loyenera likhale lotetezeka. Zambiri mwazinthuzi zimayendetsedwa ndi ERISA (Employee Retirement Income Security Act), ndipo ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya ndondomekoyi iyenera kupereka chitsimikizo cha zomwe zidzachitike pa chuma cha penshoni komanso phindu la thanzi.
Pensheni
Kawirikawiri, ERISA imafuna kuti phindu la penshoni likhale losiyana ndi katundu wa kampaniyo, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mokhulupirika kapena likugulitsa mgwirizano wa inshuwaransi. ERISA imafuna kuti phindu lililonse lapenshoni liperekedwe 100% ngati kampani ikutsitsidwa. Mipingo yambiri ya penshoni imathandizidwanso ndi Boma la Federal.
Mutu 11, wothandizira ngongole angafunse khoti lachinsinsi kuti alole kuti asinthe kapena kusintha ndondomeko yanu ya penshoni. Ngati ndondomeko yanu idalandiridwa bwino, bwana wanu wakale amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera ndalama zanu kuti muthe kulipira phindu lanu. Ngati ndondomeko yanu ya penshoni imathetsedwa ngati gawo la bankruptcy kapena Pensitative Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), PBGC idzatenga ndalama zomwe zilipo ndi ndalamazo ndipo zidzakubwezera phindu lanu, malinga ndi malire ena a dollar.
401 (k)
Ngati muli ndi 401 (k) ndondomeko, ndalama zomwe zili mu akauntizi sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kampani kubweza ngongole za kampaniyo, koma kampani siyikakamizidwa kupereka zopereka zamtsogolo kapena ndalama zofanana. Ngati 401 (k) yanu ikugulitsidwa m'sitolo yanu, kungakhale kwanzeru kuganizira ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali watenga mtengo koma mwina ukhoza kubwezeretsa, kapena ngati ndi nthawi yosiyana ngati mungathe.
Health Care
Ngati abwana amasiya njira zonse zaumoyo, simungathe kupitiriza kufotokoza kwanu pa COBRA . Komabe, ukhoza kusinthira kapena kugula ndondomeko yaumwini, kapena kulowetsani ndondomeko ya mnzanuyo. Ngati mukulandira thandizo la thanzi ngati mutachoka pampando kapena phindu lanu ndi zotsatira za mgwirizano wogwirizana, mungakhale ndi malamulo apadera owononga ndalama. Choyima chanu choyamba chidzakhale kuti muyankhule ndi woyang'anira ndondomeko iliyonse kapena woimira wanu.
Kusinthidwa ndi Carron Nicks April 2017.