Salinger ndi "Wosaka mu Rye."
Chifukwa Chiyani Olemba Amagwiritsa Ntchito Mfundo Yoyang'ana Munthu Woyamba
Pali zifukwa zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito malingaliro a anthu oyambirira m'nthano. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito molondola, ikhoza kukhala chida chothandiza kwambiri pakufotokozera nkhani:
- Mukulemba nkhani yongopeka yomwe ili, pamlingo winawake, wodziwika. Mukufuna kutsimikizira kuti wowerenga akuwona dziko limene mwalenga ndendende momwe mudaliliwona. Chitsanzo cha njirayi ndi Sylvia Plath wa "Bell Jar," momwe khalidwe lalikulu ndilo lopukutira kwambiri wolemba ndakatulo.
- Mukufuna dziko lomwe mudalenga kuti liwoneke kuchokera ku malo osiyana ndi omwe ali kunja kwa mlendo. Onse awiri "The Catcher in the Rye" ndi Harper Lee, omwe amawamasulira kuti "Kupha Mbalame," akuuzidwa kuchokera kwa achinyamata omwe maganizo awo a dziko lachikulire onse ndi opanda nzeru komanso osagwirizana. Palibe wolemba nkhani wachitatu kapena wamkulu wamalankhulidwe angabweretse makhalidwe ofanana ndi nkhanizi.
- Mukufuna kuti owerenga awonetsere zokhazokha zokhazokha ndizoziwona zokhazokha. Njira imeneyi imagwira ntchito muzinthu zonse komanso zolemba zabodza. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okondedwa ndi olemba mabuku kuti amupatse wowerenga motsimikiza kuti akuchita nawo sewero ndi kusatsimikizika komwe anthu omwe ali nawo.
- Mukufuna kusocheretsa owerenga ndikuwonekeranso ndi vumbulutso lalikulu. Ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kusocheretsa owerenga ndi mawu a munthu wachitatu, zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri pochita zimenezi kudzera m'nkhani yosakhulupirika . Holden Caulfield mu "The Catcher in the Rye" ndi chitsanzo chachidule cha wolemba nkhani wosakhulupirika. Chinthu china chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi wolemba nkhani wosakhulupirika chiri mu chinsinsi chodziwika bwino cha Agatha Christie, "Wachipha wa Roger Ackroyd."
Zojambula Zambirimbiri
Mabuku ena adzasakaniza malingaliro. Izi zimafala kwambiri m'mabuku akuluakulu kapena zolemba zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo nkhani zambiri zikuchitika panthawi imodzi. Wolembayo angasankhe nkhani iliyonse ili ndi zofunikira zosiyana ndi izi. "Ulysses" ndi James Joyce ndi chitsanzo chotchuka cha izi. Zambiri za bukuli zalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a munthu, koma zigawo zingapo zimagwiritsa ntchito kulongosola kwa munthu woyamba.
Zochita ndi Zochita
Maganizo a munthu woyamba amalola owerenga kumverera pafupi ndi malingaliro enieni a munthu; zimalola owerenga kuti alowe. Amaperekanso olemba ndi chida chothandiza maganizo a owerenga pa dziko lachinyengo. Kugwiritsa ntchito munthu woyamba kungakhale kosavuta kwa olemba oyamba kuyambira aliyense akuzoloŵera kufotokoza nkhani kuchokera payekha malingaliro ake.
Komabe, malingaliro oyambirira a munthu amalepheretsa owerenga kuti aziwona chimodzimodzi. Iwo amatha kudziwa zomwe wolembayo amadziwa, ndipo izi zingathe kufotokoza nkhaniyo movutikira, malingana ndi chiwembu ndi zina zomwe zikukhudzidwa.