Phunzirani za Mbiri ndi Ntchito za Chaputala

Kulemba Kwachilengedwe kwa ndakatulo, Nkhani za Ana, ndi zina

Bukuli limatchulidwa kuti ndi mabuku omwe ali ndi timapepala ting'onoting'ono ta nkhani zodziwika bwino, zolemba za ana, nkhani za ana, mathirakiti achipembedzo, timapepala ta ndale, zoimba za ana, malemba, almanac, ndi ndakatulo. Komabe, kwa olemba amakono, bukuli ndi bukhu la ntchito yolenga pafupi masamba 30-40. Ofalitsa ambiri amakhala ndi mpikisano wa chaputala, opatsa mphoto mphoto yamtengo wapatali komanso buku lopatulika.

Mbiri ya Chapbooks

Chaputala choyamba chinayamba muzaka za m'ma 1600 ku Ulaya ndi nthano zodziwika monga "Jack ndi Giant Killer." Zinali zomangamanga ndipo sizinali zokondweretsa diso nthawi zonse, koma m'ma 1500 zidagulidwa ndi anthu omwe sankatha kugula mabuku ndipo nthawi zambiri ankatayidwa atatha kuwerenga kapena kubwezeretsanso.

Chaputala ndizofunika kwambiri pofalitsa chikhalidwe chofala kwa anthu wamba, makamaka omwe amakhala kumidzi. Iwo ankasangalalira, amapereka chidziwitso ndipo amapereka mbiriyakale (ngakhale nthawi zambiri inali yosakhulupirika!). Mabuku a Chaputala anathandizira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuwerenga ndi kuwerenga. M'zaka za m'ma 1640 anthu osaphunzira kuwerenga ku England anali pafupifupi 70 peresenti kuti amuna ndi chiwerengero chawo adzike mpaka 40 peresenti m'ma 1800.

Chiwerengero cha mipukutu yosindikizidwa ku England ndimaganizo. M'zaka za m'ma 1660, mabuku okwana 400,000 anasindikizidwa chaka ndi chaka, okwanira kugawana kwa umodzi mwa mabanja atatu onse ku Britain.

Mabuku a Chaputala anali okwera mtengo kuti angakwanitse kwa ogwira ntchito, ngakhale kuti malonda awo sanali ochepa pa magulu ogwira ntchito. Ballads amagulitsidwa kwa halfpenny kapena pence pang'ono. Mabuku a Chaputala amaoneka ngati atatha mpaka m'zaka za zana la 19, koma zaka 100 zapitazi, iwo adawukanso, makamaka pakati pa ndakatulo ndi olemba olemba mwatsatanetsatane.

Zimene Chaputala Zikuwoneka Ngati Lero

Chaputala kawirikawiri amapepala okongoletsera, okongoletsedwera bwino omwe amamangidwa ndi zopangira. Chinthu chimodzi chomwe sichikusintha pakapita nthawi ndikuti nthawi zambiri amadzitama ndi khalidwe labwino kapena luso lojambula kuti mabuku amtunduwu chifukwa ofalitsa ali okonzeka kuyesa kuti kusindikiza kuli kochepa. Ngakhale kuti mabukuwa sali ngati buku lenileni, amatha kutchuka. Kwa olemba - kawirikawiri ndakatulo - ndi mwayi wowonetsera mbali ya zolembedwa kapena kuona ntchito yayifupi yofalitsidwa.

Mipikisano ya Chapbook

Nthano zolemba ndakatulo ndizofala kwambiri ndipo pamene bukhuli siloyenera kukhala buku lalitali lonse, ndi mwayi wopatsa mlembi kuyesera ndikugwiritsira ntchito ngati chitukuko cha chitukuko cha akatswiri. Buku la New York's Book for Book Arts "lolemba masewera limapereka mpata kwa ojambula ndi olemba kuti agwire ntchito limodzi popanga zomwe ziridi ntchito ya luso. Mabuku okwana 100 okha amasindikizidwa ndipo khumi mwa iwo amapita kwa wojambula.

Buku lina latsutso silingaganizire zambiri m'mbiri ndi mbiri ya bukhuli, koma kawirikawiri zimapanga mankhwala othandiza kwambiri kusiyana ndi ofalitsa a mabuku . Ukulu waung'ono ndi kusindikizidwa kumapangitsa kugogomezera kwakukulu pa kapangidwe ndi maesthetics.

Ngakhale kuti sangafikire omvera ambiri, mipukutu ikhoza kuyamikiridwa ngati chinthu chamoyo momwe mabuku ambiri amakono sangathe.